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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ___________ women work in business, hold real estate, lend money, and work as scribes around the time of 2000 BCE.
(a) Naditu
(b) Concubine
(c) Inan
(d) Mittu

2. Who is the Sumerian Queen of Heaven, according to historical scholars and to evidence from the time period?
(a) Inanna
(b) Isis
(c) Hecate
(d) Astarte

3. ___________ is just another attempt at explaining human existence - yet Western civilization accepts this contrived myth as history.
(a) Star Goddess
(b) The Prodigal Son
(c) The multiplication of the bread and the wine
(d) Genesis

4. Women lose ground in Mesopotamia as the _________ goddesses are relegated to the role of consorts to particular gods.
(a) Libyan
(b) Egyptian
(c) Ethiopian
(d) Sumerian

5. The female must suffer in pain in ____________ because of the fall of Adam and Eve, according to Stone.
(a) Life
(b) Menstruation
(c) Government
(d) Childbirth

Short Answer Questions

1. Hebrew women are inferior to their neighbors because they are needed to bear many __________.

2. Priestly scribes appear to write out of ____________ motive more than religious fervor about supreme male deities and the institution of kingship.

3. In "The Golden Ass," the Goddess speaks of herself as ___________, manifesting herself in various gods and goddesses.

4. At some point, the Goddess acquires a male who becomes her lover or consort, but she retains _____________.

5. What is the name of the Indo-European group who live directly south of the Hittites in Cicilia?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the Goddess movement and belief system survive, even though the male deity movement continues to take hold?

2. What do surviving documents seem to suggest about the writings of priestly scribes during the time of the battle ax warriors?

3. What are some of the rights women are given in the Code of Hammurabi?

4. Why are Hebrew women supposed to be inferior to their neighbors, according to the Priest/archaeologist Roland de Vaux?

5. Where does the word, "Hurrian," come from? What is its meaning and its roots?

6. Who do women appear as in civil litigation during the times of the Egyptians, according to papyri?

7. What are some of the qualities attributed to the Goddess Isis, as found by Diodorus?

8. Describe the vanguard of the battle ax cultures, as Merlin Stone and others describe them.

9. During the 18th dynasty in Egypt, women's roles are severely changed - what did they change to and from?

10. What are the three types of evidence which seem to point out the existence of the Goddess in Upper Paleolithic times?

(see the answer keys)

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