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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ____________ continues to be revered as the bestower of rights to shepherds and kings, suggesting matrilineal rights still apply to royalty.
(a) Isis
(b) Astarte
(c) Iris
(d) Inanna

2. What do the words 'bala' in Sanskrit, or bull, and 'tura' from Akkadian times mean?
(a) Love
(b) Ignorance
(c) Power
(d) Goddess

3. Who were the light-skinned warriors who encountered the darker-skinned Goddess worshiping people?
(a) Hebrews
(b) Indo-Ayyan barbarians
(c) Sumerians
(d) Dravidians

4. Who is the Sumerian Queen of Heaven, according to historical scholars and to evidence from the time period?
(a) Inanna
(b) Isis
(c) Hecate
(d) Astarte

5. Stone's question is: What affect does worshiping a female deity and living in a _________ society have on women?
(a) Matriarchal
(b) Peaceful
(c) Complicated
(d) Warring

Short Answer Questions

1. Some scholars suggest that the influence of the Goddess only seems minor because the Goddess has ___________.

2. Women lose ground in Mesopotamia as the _________ goddesses are relegated to the role of consorts to particular gods.

3. Priestly scribes appear to write out of ____________ motive more than religious fervor about supreme male deities and the institution of kingship.

4. ___________ is just another attempt at explaining human existence - yet Western civilization accepts this contrived myth as history.

5. The ________ tribes leave no record of when or why they adopt a male deity, according to Stone.

Short Essay Questions

1. Where does the word, "Hurrian," come from? What is its meaning and its roots?

2. During the 18th dynasty in Egypt, women's roles are severely changed - what did they change to and from?

3. How does the Goddess movement and belief system survive, even though the male deity movement continues to take hold?

4. Who is the Goddess Ninhursag, otherwise known as Ninmah?

5. What does V. Klein have to say about the effect of female power on the society of the ancient times?

6. Why are Hebrew women supposed to be inferior to their neighbors, according to the Priest/archaeologist Roland de Vaux?

7. What are some of the freedoms women in classical Greece still get access to?

8. What is the female deity of the time represented as when seem in pictures and in other works of art?

9. Who is the Goddess Hatti who is found in Hittite literature as being one of the most important figures?

10. What is Eridu said to be the place of when it steps away from the Goddess religions?

(see the answer keys)

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