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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Robertson Smith claims that in Arabia, all traits of the dominant Goddess are transferred to the _____________ before she is subordinated.

2. Indo-European deities are male and are mainly what kind of gods, blazing high in the mountains in fire or lightning?

3. Which Goddess is said to have created everything, including setting the Sun God Ra into the sky?

4. __________, "Lord of the mountains," kills Danu and her son Vrtra, causing cosmic waters to flow, which gives birth to the sun.

5. Diodorus of _________ writes respectfully and admiringly about women wielding power in the lands where he travels.

Short Essay Questions

1. Who do women appear as in civil litigation during the times of the Egyptians, according to papyri?

2. What do love poems of Egyptian times have to say about the Egyptian woman's role in the courtship with a man?

3. What does V. Klein have to say about the effect of female power on the society of the ancient times?

4. Since little has survived about the Goddess in Sumerian times, how can one believe the Goddess was important?

5. What is the female deity of the time represented as when seem in pictures and in other works of art?

6. How did Middle East societies look at the Goddess in their ancient times?

7. What are some of the qualities attributed to the Goddess Isis, as found by Diodorus?

8. How does the Goddess movement and belief system survive, even though the male deity movement continues to take hold?

9. What is similar in the Paleolithic and Neolithic figurines of the Goddess?

10. During the 18th dynasty in Egypt, women's roles are severely changed - what did they change to and from?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The role of religion in society has many more facets than are seen at first, according to this book and according to society today.

Part 1: In what ways does religion impact society in the accounts of the past?

Part 2: in what ways does religion impact society today?

Part 3: Should religion impact society? If not, why not? If so, how?

Essay Topic 2

According to Stone's research, women in ancient societies used to have more control and power.

Part 1: Why do you think women held more power in earlier times?

Part 2: Why was is beneficial for societies that women held more power and influence?

Part 3: Why do you think women are not as powerful in society anymore? Or are they? Support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

The idea of marriage is a slippery one throughout the history of man, with the definitions changing with the times.

Part 1: Why do you think the idea of marriages changes so often in the course of the history of man?

Part 2: Why do you think men and women are able to have multiple partners at different times in history?

Part 3: Do you think the modern definition of marriage is realistic? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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