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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Italians were considered to prefer which of the following to war?
(a) Diplomacy.
(b) Drinking.
(c) The high-life.
(d) Women.

2. Which of the following is not a concept that the iconic pre-war image in Chapter 1 is said to convey?
(a) Military strength.
(b) Military readiness.
(c) Mobility.
(d) Vitality.

3. What factor does the author cite as being the most important in causing one force to misidentify another?
(a) The use of new battalion insignia.
(b) Differing nationalities.
(c) Differing service branches.
(d) The use of camouflage.

4. According to the author, rumors are best described as fulfilling what role?
(a) Acting as entertainment.
(b) Filling gaps in information.
(c) Being a distraction from the war.
(d) Consoling soldiers.

5. Most proponents of precision bombing suggested that it be used to destroy what enemy targets?
(a) Fortifications.
(b) Civilian populations.
(c) Industry.
(d) Ground troops.

6. Americans believed that heavy bombers had what quality?
(a) Stealth.
(b) Perfect accuracy.
(c) Invincibility.
(d) Unlimited mobility.

7. How important was a rumor's accuracy and predictive success for its tendency to spread?
(a) Success was not important at all.
(b) Success was crucially important.
(c) Success was usually ignored.
(d) Success usually ended a rumor.

8. The drinking among servicemen when alcohol was freely available would best be described as which of the following?
(a) Excessive.
(b) Jovial.
(c) Social.
(d) Reasonable.

9. The author suggests that disliked soldiers were more likely to be selected for what type of duty?
(a) Unimportant combat roles.
(b) Rear area duty.
(c) Meaningless tasks.
(d) Dangerous combat roles.

10. The author suggests that in warfare, blunders are how common?
(a) Ubiquitous.
(b) Rare.
(c) Extremely rare.
(d) Quite common.

11. In the American armed services, the term "chickenshit" referred to what?
(a) Official disciplinary action.
(b) The response of enlisted men to hazing.
(c) Hazing of enlisted by officers.
(d) Complaining among the enlisted men.

12. One rumor suggested that German sympathizers used what animal to convey intelligence to the enemy?
(a) Goats.
(b) Sheep.
(c) Chickens.
(d) Cows.

13. What was Ernie Pyle's profession?
(a) Author.
(b) Junior officer.
(c) Senior enlisted serviceman.
(d) Journalist.

14. What types of bombers were believed to be key to the war-effort?
(a) Fighter-bombers.
(b) Jet-propelled bombers.
(c) Heavy bombers.
(d) Medium bombers.

15. According to the author, what was the typical age of a soldier for the allies in WWII?
(a) Twenty.
(b) Twenty-two.
(c) Twenty-one.
(d) Nineteen.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was one of the most routine ways that enlisted men dealt with the hazing they received from officers?

2. Which of the following does the author not list as a cause of the increasing lack of individuality with which solders were treated?

3. Which of the following qualities of warfare does the author NOT suggest to be a contributing factor in military blunders?

4. The frequency of prostitution and ephemeral romantic relationships would best be described as which of the following?

5. What is one reason given for why rumors were started?

(see the answer keys)

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