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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What theories implied that supersymmetric field particles should have superpartners?

2. When did Einstein receive the Nobel prize?

3. What did the philosopher Immanuel Kant worry about concerning time and Newton's model?

4. Dirac's discoveries were difficult to reconcile with what?

5. What may imaginary time surfaces actually be?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the no boundary condition, and what does it imply?

2. How did the general relativity theory break down?

3. What kind of history might the universe have, according to quantum mechanics?

4. What is hard to reconcile with Dirac's discoveries in quantum mechanics?

5. What did Einstein do in 1905 that launched him to the top of the scientific community?

6. What new sort of symmetry was discovered in the 1970s?

7. What is a p = 1 brane and a p = 2 brane?

8. What does it mean for stars to be red-shifted or blue-shifted?

9. Why can't we coherently ask why the universe is the way it is?

10. What changed about the way we view zero point fluctuations in the 1940s?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Using Chapter One as an informative text, write an essay on the early life of Albert Einstein. This essay must mark three important events of Einstein's life from 1879 to 1905. Be sure to elaborate on how these three details are connected to Einstein's future involvement in the scientific community.

Essay Topic 2

Chapter Five provides a complex picture of the interconnections between space-time, the multiple history idea, and quantum theory. Write an essay that analyzes the relationship between these three concepts, and use at least two examples from Chapter Five that support your argument.

Essay Topic 3

What are zero point fluctuations and what serious effects do they have on the quantum theory of gravity? Be sure to discuss Feynman, Schwinger and Tomonaga's work with zero point fluctuations.

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