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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which project produced Fat Man and Little Boy?

2. Why is it important that the sky is dark?

3. How did the universe initially expand?

4. What do models based on imaginary time make?

5. Where did Einstein accept a position?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Einstein do in 1905 that launched him to the top of the scientific community?

2. What kind of history might the universe have, according to quantum mechanics?

3. What is hard to reconcile with Dirac's discoveries in quantum mechanics?

4. What paper did Einstein write with Grossman in 1913 and what happened in 1915 related to this same project?

5. How did the general relativity theory break down?

6. What does it mean for stars to be red-shifted or blue-shifted?

7. What was the bedrock of relativity theory, and what did it imply?

8. Why do ground state fluctuations have serious effects on the quantum theory of gravity?

9. Briefly describe Einstein's involvement in the events of WWII.

10. What was the "ether" theory?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Chapter Five provides a complex picture of the interconnections between space-time, the multiple history idea, and quantum theory. Write an essay that analyzes the relationship between these three concepts, and use at least two examples from Chapter Five that support your argument.

Essay Topic 2

Hawking's extensive research of black holes has provided us with informative clues for how black holes might actually work. Write an essay that uses Hawking's research to formulate a summary of our knowledge of black holes before and after Hawking's scientific work.

Essay Topic 3

Examine the relationship of Einstein's theory of relativity to Newton's law of gravity. Name three ways these theories are similar or differ. Be sure to explain the contemporary significance of each theory and their effects on modern scientific thought.

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