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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who later showed that general relativity implied the Big Bang?
(a) Allen Walton and Roger Penrose.
(b) Allen Walton and Zion Greenlee.
(c) Stephen Hawking and Matthew Williams.
(d) Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose.

2. What does relativity show about the speed of light?
(a) The speed of light is an illusion of motion.
(b) The speed of light will appear constant.
(c) The speed of light is independent of will.
(d) The speed of light is dependent upon gravity.

3. What does the universe's real-time history determine, according to Hawking and Hartle?
(a) Its third-eye time history.
(b) Its fictional time history.
(c) Its historical fictions.
(d) Its imaginary time history and vice versa.

4. What theory of Einstein's contradicted Newton's law of gravity?
(a) Relativity.
(b) Pacificism.
(c) Specifism.
(d) Conscience.

5. How does Hawking think we should try to understand the beginning of the universe?
(a) In terms of philosophy.
(b) In terms of scientific laws.
(c) In terms of religious theories.
(d) In terms of scientific arguments.

Short Answer Questions

1. How are galaxies distributed through space?

2. What did Newton's model suggest about time and space?

3. What do models based on imaginary time make?

4. What is one of the twentieth century's greatest discoveries?

5. What did Einstein wish people to abandon concerning time?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Hawking believe the possibility of intelligent beings' existence depends on?

2. What was the "ether" theory?

3. What did Einstein do in 1905 that launched him to the top of the scientific community?

4. What is hard to reconcile with Dirac's discoveries in quantum mechanics?

5. What new sort of symmetry was discovered in the 1970s?

6. Describe the contradiction of relativity to Newton's law of gravity.

7. What is considered to be expanding in our universe, and why does Hawking think this is beneficial?

8. Why does the theory of general relativity break down when discussing the Big Bang?

9. What changed about the way we view zero point fluctuations in the 1940s?

10. What is space-time?

(see the answer keys)

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