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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who believed they could interpret General Relativity so time had an infinite past and an infinite future?
(a) Hawking and Penrose.
(b) Lifshitz and Khalatnikov.
(c) Shalob and Khalatnikov.
(d) Lucas and Marx.

2. What is one of the twentieth century's greatest discoveries?
(a) The universe is expanding.
(b) The universe is collapsing.
(c) There are extraterrestrials.
(d) The earth will be uninhabitable in fifty years.

3. How did religious leaders respond to Hawking and Penrose's work?
(a) It scared them.
(b) It made them struggle with their beliefs.
(c) It mystified them.
(d) It delighted them.

4. What can one not curve space without also curving?
(a) Gravity.
(b) Time.
(c) Spacetime.
(d) Functions.

5. When was Einstein born?
(a) 1798.
(b) 1867.
(c) 1899.
(d) 1879.

Short Answer Questions

1. Whom did Einstein later marry after his first marriage fell apart?

2. Where did Einstein receive his degree?

3. What may the no boundary condition imply?

4. When did Einstein receive the Nobel prize?

5. What can we not coherently ask about the way the universe is?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does it mean for stars to be red-shifted or blue-shifted?

2. What is Hawking's view about mathematical models?

3. What is vacuum energy?

4. Why does the theory of general relativity break down when discussing the Big Bang?

5. What is space-time?

6. Briefly describe Einstein's involvement in the events of WWII.

7. What paper did Einstein write with Grossman in 1913 and what happened in 1915 related to this same project?

8. What did Penrose and Hawking's theory have to say about the universe's history?

9. Why do ground state fluctuations have serious effects on the quantum theory of gravity?

10. What is the no boundary condition, and what does it imply?

(see the answer keys)

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