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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is one of the twentieth century's greatest discoveries?
(a) The earth will be uninhabitable in fifty years.
(b) The universe is collapsing.
(c) The universe is expanding.
(d) There are extraterrestrials.

2. What were Fat Man and Little Boy dropped on in 1945?
(a) Paris and London.
(b) Honolulu and Maui.
(c) Berlin and Kohn.
(d) Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

3. What is intuitive to think about the "ground state" or stationary state of an object?
(a) This object would have multiple energies.
(b) This object would have zero energy.
(c) This object would thrive in a black hole.
(d) This object would have two energies.

4. What is one reason Hawking takes multiple dimensions seriously?
(a) Expected relationships between diverse string thories.
(b) Unexpected relationships between multiple dimensions.
(c) Unexpected relationships between various string models.
(d) Conclusive relationships between plane models.

5. Because of the curvature of space-time, how do paths appear to bend?
(a) As if moved by gravity.
(b) As if moved by a field.
(c) As if moved by magnets.
(d) As if moved by a plane.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who did Einstein encourage to begin nuclear research?

2. What is vacuum energy's force inverse to?

3. What was discovered in the 1970s that revealed a natural physical mechanism?

4. Who were unconvinced by the ideas of an infinite past and future?

5. What have serious effects on a quantum theory of gravity?

Short Essay Questions

1. What changed about the way we view zero point fluctuations in the 1940s?

2. What did Penrose and Hawking's theory have to say about the universe's history?

3. What does it mean for stars to be red-shifted or blue-shifted?

4. What kind of history might the universe have, according to quantum mechanics?

5. What is hard to reconcile with Dirac's discoveries in quantum mechanics?

6. What is a p = 1 brane and a p = 2 brane?

7. What was the "ether" theory?

8. Why do ground state fluctuations have serious effects on the quantum theory of gravity?

9. How did the general relativity theory break down?

10. What was considered the foundation of a TOE and why did it go out of fashion?

(see the answer keys)

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