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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Chapter 4, Predicting the Future.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Strominger and Vafa postulate in 1996?
(a) That black holes are composed of p-branes.
(b) That black holes house new worlds.
(c) That black holes are composed of f-branes.
(d) That black holes are empty.

2. How does Hawking think we should try to understand the beginning of the universe?
(a) In terms of scientific arguments.
(b) In terms of religious theories.
(c) In terms of philosophy.
(d) In terms of scientific laws.

3. What did one of Einstein's mathematical errors prevent Marcel and Einstein from doing?
(a) Going to the SpaceTime conference of 1954.
(b) Finishing the job in two weeks.
(c) Formulating the appropriate equations.
(d) Colloborating on a second effort.

4. What did nineteenth century scientists believe space was pervaded by?
(a) Ether.
(b) Time.
(c) Asteroids.
(d) Methane.

5. How many galaxies are there?
(a) Billions and billions.
(b) Five million.
(c) One hundred thousand.
(d) Two trillion.

Short Answer Questions

1. What characteristic of black holes has been stated as never having been observed?

2. What was discovered in the 1970s that revealed a natural physical mechanism?

3. What have serious effects on a quantum theory of gravity?

4. What may imaginary time surfaces actually be?

5. What two things are considered capable of shaping space-time, according to Einstein?

(see the answer key)

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