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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The Foreword states that the occupation of Nanking was supposed to be a turning point for the Japanese in the struggle against which leader's armies?

2. In his book, Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro wrote that Japan could escape the pressures of surplus population in all BUT WHICH of the following ways?

3. The fall of Shanghai is a particularly hard blow to the leader of the Nationalists. Who is he?

4. Kirby mentions in the Foreword that Nanking prompted China to do all BUT WHICH of the following?

5. In comparison to Germany, what percentage of war reparations has Japan paid the victims of Nanking?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Matsui Iwane's reaction to the events in Nanking after he was once again well enough to take command of the soldiers.

2. In what way can we now think of Nanking as a different sort of turning point, according to Kirby?

3. Briefly explain the twentieth-century Japanese cultural identity, as detailed in "The Path to Nanking."

4. Briefly describe John Rabe's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

5. Describe how Tang Shunsan was able to survive his encounter with Japanese soldiers.

6. What was Japan's isolationist foreign policy intended to accomplish, and in what ways did that policy backfire?

7. Briefly describe the five methods of torture used by the Japanese soldiers in their attempt to exterminate the population of Nanking.

8. Briefly describe the three different occupations of Nanking.

9. Japan occupied Nanking for eight years and set up a government of Chinese collaborators. What was that government NOT able to accomplish during those eight years?

10. Briefly describe Robert Wilson's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the factors and events after the Rape of Nanking that allowed this event to be buried for so long. Include the perspectives of China, Japan, and the United States and the reasons each country may have had to ignore this tragedy.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the decision by the Chinese government to pull out of Nanking and the subsequent actions in the suburbs of the city. What reasons might the government have had for pulling out of Nanking? What steps did the government abandonment enable the Chinese military to take that they might not otherwise have been able to take?

Essay Topic 3

Emperor Hirohito and his family were granted immunity for all wartime actions in exchange for Japan's surrender. In a well-developed essay, discuss whether or not this action was justified. Use supporting material from the text to analyze how much the emperor knew of the events in Nanking, and to what extent other members of the imperial family should or should not have been held accountable.

(see the answer keys)

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