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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Kirby, what motivates the Japanese soldiers to behave in such a horrible manner?
(a) They were tired of the war.
(b) They hated and feared the Chinese.
(c) Soldiers were unsupervised.
(d) We may never know.

2. Which of the following military commanders is initially in charge of the Japanese imperial army for the Shanghai-Nanking region?
(a) Yanagawa.
(b) Asaka.
(c) Matsui.
(d) Nakajima.

3. In "The Path to Nanking," the author states that the Japanese Samurai code of conduct is called what?
(a) Kiyaku.
(b) Konnichiwa.
(c) Bushido.
(d) Masurao.

4. When does the author first learn about the Rape of Nanking?
(a) During college.
(b) After getting married.
(c) As a little girl.
(d) As a teenager.

5. In what year does China's war with Japan end?
(a) 1937.
(b) 1932.
(c) 1944.
(d) 1945.

6. The Rape of Nanking was kept quiet by all BUT WHICH of the following countries?
(a) Germany.
(b) Republic of China.
(c) United States.
(d) People's Republic of China.

7. In "Six Weeks of Horror," Chang states that Japanese soldiers use all BUT WHICH of the following methods to exterminate Chinese civilians?
(a) Death by starvation.
(b) Death by fire.
(c) Death by ice.
(d) Death by dogs.

8. By December of 1937, how many Chinese troops populate the area around Nanking?
(a) 20,000.
(b) 10,000.
(c) 60,000.
(d) 90,000.

9. In his book, Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro wrote that Japan could escape the pressures of surplus population in all BUT WHICH of the following ways?
(a) Immigration.
(b) Advance into world markets.
(c) Territory expansion.
(d) Greater food production.

10. In what year does the Meiji government of Japan send a naval fleet to Korea to force a commerce agreement?
(a) 1990.
(b) 1675.
(c) 1794.
(d) 1876.

11. Which of the following people is alone in advocating a strong defense for Nanking in November of 1937?
(a) Tang Sheng-chih.
(b) Frank Xing.
(c) Chiang Kai-shek.
(d) Chang Tien-Chun.

12. According to Chang in "Six Weeks of Terror," what happens to the Japanese war criminals after Nanking?
(a) Life sentences in jail.
(b) Protected by the Japanese government.
(c) Fugitives from the law.
(d) Executed many years ago.

13. After the order to retreat is given, what route is left open to leave Nanking without encountering Japanese soldiers?
(a) North.
(b) West.
(c) South.
(d) East.

14. By December during the occupation, Chang states that the population of Nanking has fallen to about how many people?
(a) Half a million.
(b) Four thousand.
(c) Fifty thousand.
(d) Three million.

15. To whom does Kirby refer when he states that Ms. Chang has used the unimpeachable testimony of third-party observers?
(a) Victims and perpetrators.
(b) Government officials and historians.
(c) Foreign missionaries and businessmen.
(d) Newspapers and tabloids.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why do the Japanese soldiers generally kill the women they rape after they've finished?

2. A historian at the Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences has compiled the most accurate estimate of how many were killed in Nanking. What figure has he reached?

3. In 1938, Foreign Minister Hirota Koki sends a message indicating that, a month after the massacre, the Japanese believe the Nanking death total to be what number?

4. What is the geographical area mentioned as the main site of the Japanese/Chinese conflict at the time Nanking fell?

5. According to the Introduction, Africans believe World War II began in which year?

(see the answer keys)

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