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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A historian at the Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences has compiled the most accurate estimate of how many were killed in Nanking. What figure has he reached?
(a) 15,000.
(b) 227,400.
(c) 201,000.
(d) 106,000.

2. In the Foreword, what is the date given for the fall of Nanking?
(a) October 4.
(b) December 25.
(c) November 8.
(d) December 13.

3. According to the Introduction, Africans believe World War II began in which year?
(a) 1941.
(b) 1935.
(c) 1939.
(d) 1931.

4. Who is the Japanese imperial army major who writes a report of confession while awaiting trial for his crimes?
(a) Liu Fang-chu.
(b) Li Xouying.
(c) Ohta Hisao.
(d) Sun Zhaiwei.

5. In "The Nanking Safety Zone," which individual does Chang discuss second?
(a) German businessman.
(b) American missionary professor.
(c) American surgeon.
(d) German merchant.

Short Answer Questions

1. What motto sums up the mindset that Japanese cadets were taught to adopt?

2. In "Six Weeks of Horror," who is the woman who fights back against the Japanese rapists?

3. Which of the following military commanders is initially in charge of the Japanese imperial army for the Shanghai-Nanking region?

4. Why do the Japanese soldiers generally kill the women they rape after they've finished?

5. What is the geographical area mentioned as the main site of the Japanese/Chinese conflict at the time Nanking fell?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the attitude of Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro about Japan's future in his book, quoted in "The Path to Nanking."

2. Briefly describe Wilhelmina (Minnie) Vautrin's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

3. Describe the process by which new Japanese soldiers were desensitized.

4. In what way can we now think of Nanking as a different sort of turning point, according to Kirby?

5. Chang states in the Introduction that the Rape of Nanking surpasses many of the world's most barbaric events. To which events does she refer, and why was Nanking worse?

6. According to Chang at the end of "The Nanking Safety Zone," what is chilling about the number of refugees in the Nanking Safety Zone?

7. Describe the preparations the Chinese government ordered the citizens to undertake in order to prepare for possible invasions after the fall of Shanghai.

8. Describe the methods used by the Japanese army to subdue the larger Chinese population of Nanking, as described in "Six Weeks of Terror."

9. In the Introduction, Chang states that various countries view World War II as having different start dates. To what can this disagreement be attributed?

10. Briefly describe Robert Wilson's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

(see the answer keys)

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