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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. For how many years does the conflict between China and Japan last?
(a) Ten years.
(b) Two years.
(c) Eight years.
(d) Three years.

2. What title does Kirby hold that qualifies him to write the Foreword for Ms. Chang's book?
(a) President of Yale University.
(b) President of Princeton.
(c) Professor of Modern Japanese History.
(d) Professor of Modern Chinese History.

3. In "The Fall of Nanking," how many divisions does the commander in charge of Nanking give authority to cross the Yangtze River?
(a) Two.
(b) Zero.
(c) One.
(d) Five.

4. The Foreword states that the occupation of Nanking was supposed to be a turning point for the Japanese in the struggle against which leader's armies?
(a) Asaka Yasuhiko.
(b) Chiang Kai-shek.
(c) Tang Sheng-chih.
(d) Nakajima Kesago.

5. By December of 1937, how many Chinese troops populate the area around Nanking?
(a) 60,000.
(b) 10,000.
(c) 20,000.
(d) 90,000.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what year does Japan withdraw from the League of Nations?

2. In "Six Weeks of Terror," what is the primary Japanese strategy for the invasion of Nanking?

3. Toward the end of "The Nanking Safety Zone," Chang states that the Safety Zone holds about how many refugees?

4. In his book, Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro wrote that Japan could escape the pressures of surplus population in all BUT WHICH of the following ways?

5. During which year does the author say she first realized the Nanking massacre was historically accurate and not simply myth?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the preparations the Chinese government ordered the citizens to undertake in order to prepare for possible invasions after the fall of Shanghai.

2. Japan occupied Nanking for eight years and set up a government of Chinese collaborators. What was that government NOT able to accomplish during those eight years?

3. Describe the broad time line and details of the Rape of Nanking as outlined in the Introduction.

4. Chang states in the Introduction that the Rape of Nanking surpasses many of the world's most barbaric events. To which events does she refer, and why was Nanking worse?

5. In what way can we now think of Nanking as a different sort of turning point, according to Kirby?

6. At what point does the author state that she became aware of the Rape of Nanking, and what caused her to doubt the accuracy of the information with which she had been presented?

7. Describe the attitude of Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro about Japan's future in his book, quoted in "The Path to Nanking."

8. In "Six Weeks of Horror," why do the Chinese civilians in Nanking initially believe that the Japanese occupation may not be so bad?

9. Briefly describe the five methods of torture used by the Japanese soldiers in their attempt to exterminate the population of Nanking.

10. Briefly describe Robert Wilson's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

(see the answer keys)

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