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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When the Nanking Safety Zone is initially set up, how long does the International Committee intend for it to be open?
(a) A few weeks.
(b) Six months.
(c) One year.
(d) Two days.

2. Which of the following people is alone in advocating a strong defense for Nanking in November of 1937?
(a) Chang Tien-Chun.
(b) Frank Xing.
(c) Chiang Kai-shek.
(d) Tang Sheng-chih.

3. According to Chang in "Six Weeks of Terror," what happens to the Japanese war criminals after Nanking?
(a) Fugitives from the law.
(b) Protected by the Japanese government.
(c) Life sentences in jail.
(d) Executed many years ago.

4. According to Kirby, what motivates the Japanese soldiers to behave in such a horrible manner?
(a) They hated and feared the Chinese.
(b) They were tired of the war.
(c) Soldiers were unsupervised.
(d) We may never know.

5. After the order to retreat is given, what route is left open to leave Nanking without encountering Japanese soldiers?
(a) South.
(b) West.
(c) East.
(d) North.

Short Answer Questions

1. On which of the following persons does Chang NOT concentrate during "The Nanking Safety Zone" chapter?

2. Which Chinese city is known as "the Venice of China" and is completely devastated by the Japanese army?

3. In the Introduction, the author cites what fact as her primary motivation for writing this book?

4. Looting in the Safety Zone makes food so scarce that refugees are forced to eat all BUT WHICH of the following?

5. As discussed in "Six Weeks of Horror," Wu Tienwei believes that the actual death toll in Nanking may be what number?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the Introduction, Chang states that various countries view World War II as having different start dates. To what can this disagreement be attributed?

2. What factors contribute to the end of Japan's golden era of prosperity, as discussed in "The Path to Nanking"?

3. According to Chang at the end of "The Nanking Safety Zone," what is chilling about the number of refugees in the Nanking Safety Zone?

4. As discussed in "The Fall of Nanking," what are the reasons historians have found for why Nanking fell in four days with so many Chinese soldiers present to defend the city?

5. Describe how Tang Shunsan was able to survive his encounter with Japanese soldiers.

6. Briefly describe Robert Wilson's role in the Nanking Safety Zone.

7. Describe the process by which new Japanese soldiers were desensitized.

8. Briefly explain the twentieth-century Japanese cultural identity, as detailed in "The Path to Nanking."

9. Describe the attitude of Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro about Japan's future in his book, quoted in "The Path to Nanking."

10. According to the Introduction, in what two ways was Japan's mindset as it set out to conquer neighboring nations similar to the way Nazi Germany's mindset would be a few years later? How are the two tactics related?

(see the answer keys)

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