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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After the order to retreat is given, what route is left open to leave Nanking without encountering Japanese soldiers?
(a) North.
(b) South.
(c) East.
(d) West.

2. In the Introduction, Ms. Chang quotes which of the following authors as stating that to forget a holocaust is to kill twice?
(a) George Santayana.
(b) Shao Tzuping.
(c) Akutagawa Ryunosuke.
(d) Elie Wiesel.

3. In comparison to Germany, what percentage of war reparations has Japan paid the victims of Nanking?
(a) Less than 1%.
(b) About 15%.
(c) More than 50%.
(d) 120%.

4. By December during the occupation, Chang states that the population of Nanking has fallen to about how many people?
(a) Fifty thousand.
(b) Half a million.
(c) Four thousand.
(d) Three million.

5. During the Rape of Nanking, the Japanese outdo all BUT WHICH of the following massacres?
(a) Stalin in Russia.
(b) Timur Lenk at Delhi.
(c) Christians during Spanish Inquisition.
(d) Romans at Carthage.

Short Answer Questions

1. In "Six Weeks of Horror," Chang states that prior to the war, the population of Nanking is about how many people?

2. In what year does Japan withdraw from the League of Nations?

3. In "Six Weeks of Terror," what is the primary Japanese strategy for the invasion of Nanking?

4. For how long does the most violent part of the Rape of Nanking last?

5. Kirby mentions in the Foreword that Nanking prompted China to do all BUT WHICH of the following?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the attitude of Lieutenant Colonel Hashimoto Kingoro about Japan's future in his book, quoted in "The Path to Nanking."

2. As the Japanese army begins mass executions in Nanking, what becomes their most pressing problem, and how do they resolve it?

3. Describe the methods used by the Japanese army to subdue the larger Chinese population of Nanking, as described in "Six Weeks of Terror."

4. Describe the preparations the Chinese government ordered the citizens to undertake in order to prepare for possible invasions after the fall of Shanghai.

5. Briefly describe the five methods of torture used by the Japanese soldiers in their attempt to exterminate the population of Nanking.

6. Describe how Tang Shunsan was able to survive his encounter with Japanese soldiers.

7. What was the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Tang Sheng-chih at the time of the Nanking invasion?

8. Describe the process by which new Japanese soldiers were desensitized.

9. Describe Matsui Iwane's reaction to the events in Nanking after he was once again well enough to take command of the soldiers.

10. Briefly describe the three different occupations of Nanking.

(see the answer keys)

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