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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was Marcion?

2. What does Tao mean?

3. What does the Stoic sage aim for?

4. Whose theory said that the prophets were not talking to God but were making judgments about God's desires from the information they had about God?

5. In what belief is there no grace or repentance for sin, just cause and effect?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Heschel say gives the prophets the courage to speak out?

2. How does Heschel think much of the Bible should be looked at?

3. Does Heschel say God always been considered a loving and good God?

4. What is one difference between apathy and pathos, as explained by Heschel?

5. What is the purpose of ecstasy, as explained by Heschel?

6. Why does Heschel say Karma is opposed to prophetic thinking?

7. How does Heschel describe Tao as an antithesis to the prophetic idea of God?

8. Who was Marcion?

9. Why does Heschel think it is hard for people to understand the wrath of God?

10. What is Heschel's theory of ecstasy and the prophets?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss imagery and its use in the descriptions of the prophecies. Include in your discussion why the prophets used imagery and whether it helps in understanding their prophesy.

Essay Topic 2

Not all people believe that the prophets are divinely inspired. Discuss at least two viewpoints that call the prophets "false". What is Heschel's response to these claims?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss prophetic and poetic inspiration. Include information on what different scholars have to say and Heschel's explanation of the difference between inspiration for poetry and inspiration for prophecy.

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