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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When was Marcion expelled from his church?
(a) 150 C.E.
(b) 134 C.E.
(c) 144 C.E.
(d) 100 C.E.

2. Why did some scholars reject the idea of pathos?
(a) Because of its origins.
(b) Because it didn't involve emotions.
(c) Because it involved emotions.
(d) Because it isn't mentioned in the Bible.

3. In early Israel, the gift of poetry was regarded as what?
(a) A gift of the Spirit.
(b) A talent.
(c) A psychic ability.
(d) An intellectual gift.

4. What cultural/religious doctrines did Philo try to mix in his studies?
(a) Greek and Islamic.
(b) Greek and Jewish.
(c) Jewish and Egyptian.
(d) Egyptian and Islamic.

5. According to Heschel, the prophetic act takes place when the prophet is aware of what?
(a) The belief that something is happening to him.
(b) The lack of knowledge about who is the source of his inspiration.
(c) The source of his inspiration is God.
(d) The lack of complete consciousness.

6. Heschel said that some of the beliefs that the prophets were frauds came from an era when people wanted what?
(a) Shibboleth.
(b) Rationality.
(c) Certainty.
(d) Conformity.

7. What did God do after the prophet proclaimed the destruction of Nineveh and the people repented?
(a) God relented and saved Nineveh.
(b) God told the prophet to stay in Nineveh.
(c) God destroyed Nineveh.
(d) God let the people leave Nineveh before he destroyed it.

8. When did Heschel examine the state of mind of the prophets with respect to the theory of ecstasy?
(a) When they were receiving the words of God.
(b) When they were praying.
(c) When they were prophesying.
(d) When they were speaking.

9. In ancient times, Israel only knew God as what?
(a) Loving.
(b) Impassible.
(c) Redemptive.
(d) Mysterious and terrible.

10. Heschel points out that God's wrath is what?
(a) Righteous and just.
(b) Like people's wrath.
(c) Terrible.
(d) Vengeful.

11. Whose theory said that the prophets were not talking to God but were making judgments about God's desires from the information they had about God?
(a) Spinoza.
(b) Philo.
(c) Nietzsche.
(d) Goethe.

12. Who declared ecstasy to be a definitive mark of a prophet?
(a) Philo.
(b) Alexander.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Plato.

13. What are two unique features of a prophet?
(a) Forgiveness and suppression of emotion.
(b) Active cooperation and self-dedication to God.
(c) Prayer and mercy.
(d) Silent subordination and self-love.

14. According to Heschel, many parts of the Bible should be looked at as what?
(a) Songs.
(b) Essays.
(c) Poems.
(d) Allegories.

15. When talking about the inspiration for poetry, who says "One does not ask who gives."
(a) Democritus.
(b) Nietzsche.
(c) Goethe.
(d) Plato.

Short Answer Questions

1. What appears to us as wild emotionalism in the prophets, Heschel says may seem like what to the prophets themselves?

2. Heschel alludes to the fact that to describe God in any terms implies that God is what?

3. An emotional religion of sympathy is more compatible with the prophet's mentality than a religion of what?

4. In contrast to the Stoic sage, Heschel characterizes the prophet as what?

5. According to some scholars, the goal should not be pathos but what?

(see the answer keys)

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