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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was Marcion?
(a) A Christian.
(b) A Jew.
(c) A Greek.
(d) A Gnostic.

2. According to Heschel, many parts of the Bible should be looked at as what?
(a) Essays.
(b) Allegories.
(c) Poems.
(d) Songs.

3. Heschel said that some of the beliefs that the prophets were frauds came from an era when people wanted what?
(a) Shibboleth.
(b) Conformity.
(c) Rationality.
(d) Certainty.

4. What did the prophets talk about in addition to God's wrath and judgment?
(a) His knowledge.
(b) His wisdom.
(c) His vengeance.
(d) His love.

5. Another theory regarding the inspiration of the prophets regarded the prophetic act as what?
(a) An act of unconsciousness.
(b) An act of madness.
(c) An act of poetic creation.
(d) An act of rebellion.

6. What does the Stoic sage aim for?
(a) Sympathy.
(b) Apathy.
(c) Pathos.
(d) Love.

7. What is the origin of pathos?
(a) Hebrew.
(b) Egyptian.
(c) Islamic.
(d) Greek.

8. What subject area did Philo develop?
(a) Biblical translations.
(b) Biblical prophecy.
(c) Religious sympathy.
(d) Apathy.

9. According to Heschel, the prophetic act takes place when the prophet is aware of what?
(a) The lack of knowledge about who is the source of his inspiration.
(b) The belief that something is happening to him.
(c) The lack of complete consciousness.
(d) The source of his inspiration is God.

10. What cultural/religious doctrines did Philo try to mix in his studies?
(a) Greek and Islamic.
(b) Greek and Jewish.
(c) Egyptian and Islamic.
(d) Jewish and Egyptian.

11. Heschel contrasts God to other deities, who unlike God, did not have what?
(a) Power to change history.
(b) Power to make heaven and earth.
(c) Absolute supreme power.
(d) Power to intervene in people's lives.

12. Heschel alludes to the fact that to describe God in any terms implies that God is what?
(a) Not all powerful.
(b) Not all knowing.
(c) Sinful.
(d) Imperfect.

13. What is Karma?
(a) A special relationship to God.
(b) A way of life.
(c) An opposite to prophetic thinking.
(d) A religion that believes in prophetic thinking.

14. Heschel states that it is important to distinguish between the objective and subjective aspects of what?
(a) Biblical prophecy.
(b) The prophetic consciousness of God.
(c) Ecstasy.
(d) Religious sympathy.

15. If ecstasy were a requirement for a prophet, which prophets of the Old Testament would not have been classified as prophets?
(a) Micah and Jonah.
(b) Second Isaiah and Habakkuk.
(c) Moses and Isaiah.
(d) Daniel and Zechariah.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Tao mean?

2. What does Heschel say is an end to indifference?

3. From the total perspective, what does Heschel say are demands rather than fulfillments?

4. In what belief is there no grace or repentance for sin, just cause and effect?

5. Heschel looks at the theory of ecstasy but limits it to what?

(see the answer keys)

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