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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why are the same species of freshwater fish typically NOT found in different countries?

2. What was the basis of classification in ancient times?

3. How far are the Galapagos Islands from South America?

4. In Geographical Distribution continued, what does Darwin suggest about the rule of natural selection?

5. What period in time can explain many migrations due to climate change?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why do scientists have difficulty determining the effects of two distinct species breeding?

2. Describe the process of egg-laying of the European cuckoo.

3. What is the key explanation for species living in different regions?

4. How can the inheritance of traits be seen in domesticated dogs?

5. What are three facts that can be explained by natural selection as discussed in Chapter 11?

6. How can naturalists determine if land masses were once connected?

7. Why is adaptation necessary?

8. Why do rudimentary organs pose a problem for theorists that species were created independently?

9. Why can't similarities in organ structure of different species be explained as being created individually?

10. Why can't climate account for differences in organisms from one region to the next?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The definition for species has changed throughout time. Define species as scientists defined it in Darwin's time, and define the word species as it is now defined. What is the distinction between these two definitions? Which definition best represents what a species is in your opinion? Explain your answer.

Essay Topic 2

Accidental means of dispersal is one type of migration. Do you think this is an affective means of migration? When this occurs, do you think a species will need to adapt, or could they remain the same? Explain your answer.

Essay Topic 3

Darwin suggests both that species can adapt to new environments and that when a species is brought into a new environment, it does not prosper. How can this contradiction be explained? Is it possible that each statement may be true for some organisms and not others? Provide examples and an explanation for your answer.

(see the answer keys)

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