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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What happens to the offspring when two of the same distinct species interbreed?
(a) Sterile.
(b) Migrate after birth.
(c) Fertile.
(d) Eaten by parents.

2. Why does migration inhibit the development of a fossil record?
(a) Predators ruin the fossils.
(b) They do not inhibit the record.
(c) They become buried deeper in the earth.
(d) Because they take time to develop.

3. In addition to the Formica rufescens, what other ant species takes slaves?
(a) Mycocepurus smithii.
(b) Forelius pusillus.
(c) Formica sanguinea.
(d) Odontomachus bauri.

4. What can instinct be compared with?
(a) Nature.
(b) Habit.
(c) Variation.
(d) Life force.

5. What are variations typically related to in complex species?
(a) Organs.
(b) Numbers in the species.
(c) Age of the species.
(d) Environment.

Short Answer Questions

1. What type of fossils may survive damaging geological changes?

2. How do scientists explain the presence of the same species in different locations?

3. When are fossils typically preserved?

4. What is NOT sufficient to account for differences in organisms in different regions?

5. What type of species do many islands lack?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does natural selection explain the lack of links between generations?

2. What does Darwin suggest about the milking behaviors of ants on some insects?

3. What is a cause for infertility as discussed in Chapter 8: Hybridism?

4. How can the phenomenon of ancient species resembling current living groups be explained?

5. Why do scientists have difficulty determining the effects of two distinct species breeding?

6. What are some general rules governing whether or not two species can produce fertile offspring?

7. How does less competition affect natural selection?

8. How do physical barriers correlate with differences in creatures that inhabit a region?

9. How can the inheritance of traits be seen in domesticated dogs?

10. Why do rudimentary organs pose a problem for theorists that species were created independently?

(see the answer keys)

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