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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do large shifts in geology promote in species?
(a) Development of new genera.
(b) Development of new variations.
(c) Increased migration.
(d) Development of new species.

2. What period in time can explain many migrations due to climate change?
(a) Ice Age.
(b) Thermal Age.
(c) Technological Age.
(d) Industrial Age.

3. In Geographical Distribution continued, what does Darwin suggest about the rule of natural selection?
(a) It does not apply to all species.
(b) It is different on islands.
(c) It applies to all species.
(d) There is a common ancestor.

4. What is one consequence of natural selection?
(a) Change must benefit the environment.
(b) Change cannot involve other organs.
(c) Change must benefit the species.
(d) Change must be small.

5. How do breeders know if the traits they breed into cows are useful?
(a) They appear in late childhood.
(b) They appear in adulthood.
(c) They appear prior to birth.
(d) They appear at birth.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why do hybrids tend to display little variation?

2. What do many organisms of oceanic islands resemble?

3. For natural selection to be true, what could be suggested about transitional forms?

4. What happens to life forms that do NOT adapt?

5. What do naturalists understand will never happen to most organisms?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Darwin explain similarities in embryos?

2. What are three facts that can be explained by natural selection as discussed in Chapter 11?

3. What is a cause for infertility as discussed in Chapter 8: Hybridism?

4. What are some general rules governing whether or not two species can produce fertile offspring?

5. Why can't similarities in organ structure of different species be explained as being created individually?

6. How does natural selection explain the behaviors of Formica rufescens?

7. How do physical barriers correlate with differences in creatures that inhabit a region?

8. Why does Darwin use a fish and a reptile as comparisons?

9. Describe the process of egg-laying of the European cuckoo.

10. How can the phenomenon of ancient species resembling current living groups be explained?

(see the answer keys)

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