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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How do organisms differ within classifications?
(a) In their mating.
(b) In their habits.
(c) In their eating.
(d) In their migration.

2. What is one river that Darwin gives as an example of one that has dramatically changed over the years?
(a) Ohio.
(b) Nile.
(c) Mississippi.
(d) Rhine.

3. What happens to the offspring when two of the same distinct species interbreed?
(a) Sterile.
(b) Migrate after birth.
(c) Eaten by parents.
(d) Fertile.

4. For natural selection to be true, what could be suggested about transitional forms?
(a) There should be no transitional forms.
(b) Amount of extinct species should be small.
(c) Transitional forms should be seen in all species.
(d) Amount of extinct species should be large.

5. In what type of species has perfect fertility of variations been demonstrated?
(a) Domestic.
(b) Wild.
(c) Mongrel.
(d) Hybrid.

Short Answer Questions

1. At what point is it necessary for animals to display traits that distinguish them from other organisms?

2. In Chapter 8, according to Darwin's example, what domesticated variety is NOT able to reproduce?

3. In ancient times, why were whales classified as fish?

4. How do biologists classify organisms?

5. What terms refer to parts that are similar in structure?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why can't similarities in organ structure of different species be explained as being created individually?

2. How does less competition affect natural selection?

3. How does natural selection explain the behaviors of Formica rufescens?

4. How can naturalists determine if land masses were once connected?

5. Why can't climate account for differences in organisms from one region to the next?

6. How does natural selection explain the lack of links between generations?

7. Why do rudimentary organs pose a problem for theorists that species were created independently?

8. What are some general rules governing whether or not two species can produce fertile offspring?

9. How does Darwin explain how the same genus of species are found in different geographical regions?

10. What is a cause for infertility as discussed in Chapter 8: Hybridism?

(see the answer keys)

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