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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Eysenck believed the _____________ development of black youngsters develops more quickly than in whites.

2. One of the perceived problems of Lombroso's theory was the need to call _________ criminals.

3. Binet was worried, however, that his testing might cause the child to be ___________ in school.

4. The general intellectual knowledge of the child was calculated by subtracting the ________ age from his true chronological age.

5. "______________ proved an irresistible criterion for any scientist who wanted to rank human groups as higher or lower."

Short Essay Questions

1. What do correlations not imply in regards to the studies in which they are used?

2. How were Burt's papers and data related to his studies destroyed?

3. What were the three facts upon which H.J. Eysenck based his theory of the inferiority of blacks?

4. What did Binet do in order to fulfill the obligations of his commission in 1904?

5. Was factor analysis the right technique to use in intelligence testing?

6. What was Havelock Ellis' major claim in his study of the measurement of bodies in order to determine value?

7. What did Binet find when he went to various schools to test out Broca's theory of head measurement?

8. What does Cesare Lombroso have to say about criminal behavior?

9. What did E.D. Cope believe affected the value of a person and the determination of their inferiority?

10. What did Burt try to claim he had developed, though it was later shown to be a false claim?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Cyril Burt is distinguished in this book by having his own separate chapter in which he receives Gould's attention. This medical tester who studied twins seems to have created a theory based in improper studies and data collection.

Part 1: In relation to the errors of Cyril Burt, what is the definition of factor analysis?

Part 2: How did Burt use factor analysis incorrectly in his work?

Part 3: What are some of the other errors uncovered in Burt's studies of twins?

Essay Topic 2

The idea that criminal behavior is hereditary is another idea that springs up during the introduction of evolution. The notion that criminal tendencies could spring up in the genes and then in the behaviors was widely accepted.

Part 1: Who was the main researcher of this idea of criminal behavior based on hereditary patterns?

Part 2: What were the weaknesses of this researcher's studies?

Part 3: What was the theory of atavism and what did it mean to society?

Essay Topic 3

Samuel George Morton was a collector of skulls, which lead to his own studies in the ranking of individuals. But Gould is not so sure Morton is as careful with his research as many once thought.

Part 1: What did Morton do with the skulls he had collected and measured?

Part 2: What was Morton's conclusion based on his measurements of the skills?

Part 3: What was the problem Gould found with Morton's work, "Crania Americana"?

Part 4: What are the four conclusions Gould draws about Morton's work?

(see the answer keys)

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