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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Binet was commissioned in 1904 to find a way to identify children who ______________.

2. Goddard was trying to develop a _____________ scale to measure intelligence.

3. What did Binet devise in order to help test the school children?

4. The German psychologist W. Stern argued that mental age should be ____________ by chronological age.

5. Havelock found that _________ males were more effeminate.

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the three facts upon which H.J. Eysenck based his theory of the inferiority of blacks?

2. What was Binet commissions to do in 1904?

3. What were the problems of Burt's studies?

4. What does the factor analysis variable 'g' stand for?

5. Who was Sir Cyril Burt?

6. What were the three rules Binet set up to help prevent the misuse of his test?

7. What did Ellis find happened to men who were living in urban areas?

8. What was Havelock Ellis' major claim in his study of the measurement of bodies in order to determine value?

9. What did E.D. Cope believe affected the value of a person and the determination of their inferiority?

10. Was factor analysis the right technique to use in intelligence testing?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The idea of testing children in schools is one that is a normal part of life today, but it can have many issues in its effectiveness and in its logic. Binet understood this, and yet still seems to have created more problems in terms of studying intelligence in children.

Part 1: What are some of the problems that stemmed from Binet's test, related to the idea that intelligence is inevitable?

Part 2: What are some ways that heredity is confused within and between groups in relation to Binet's test?

Part 3: Many American psychologists did not follow Binet's rules for using his tests. What belief did this lead to?

Essay Topic 2

Another researcher of brain size was Paul Broca. This professor of surgery used numbers which Gould is unsure were legitimate in order to show, one again, the inferiority of blacks.

Part 1: What does Gould think Broca did before doing his research that affected the results?

Part 2: What were Broca's numbers and results based on?

Part 3: In what way were Broca's studies biased?

Essay Topic 3

Cyril Burt is distinguished in this book by having his own separate chapter in which he receives Gould's attention. This medical tester who studied twins seems to have created a theory based in improper studies and data collection.

Part 1: In relation to the errors of Cyril Burt, what is the definition of factor analysis?

Part 2: How did Burt use factor analysis incorrectly in his work?

Part 3: What are some of the other errors uncovered in Burt's studies of twins?

(see the answer keys)

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