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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does 'g' stand for in a graph for factor analysis?

2. Gould felt that Eysenck's arguments are not based on ___________ facts.

3. What technique did Burt say he developed, although it was really Charles Spearman who created this technique?

4. Goddard was trying to develop a _____________ scale to measure intelligence.

5. It was discovered that there was no general _________ of intelligence as Spearman once thought.

Short Essay Questions

1. Binet was also trying to create a test that distinguished between what?

2. What was Havelock Ellis' major claim in his study of the measurement of bodies in order to determine value?

3. What do correlations not imply in regards to the studies in which they are used?

4. What were the problems of Burt's studies?

5. What does the factor analysis variable 'g' stand for?

6. What did E.D. Cope believe affected the value of a person and the determination of their inferiority?

7. What were the three rules Binet set up to help prevent the misuse of his test?

8. Where did Alfred Binet first begin his study of human intelligence?

9. Define the idea of correlation.

10. How were Burt's papers and data related to his studies destroyed?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Samuel George Morton was a collector of skulls, which lead to his own studies in the ranking of individuals. But Gould is not so sure Morton is as careful with his research as many once thought.

Part 1: What did Morton do with the skulls he had collected and measured?

Part 2: What was Morton's conclusion based on his measurements of the skills?

Part 3: What was the problem Gould found with Morton's work, "Crania Americana"?

Part 4: What are the four conclusions Gould draws about Morton's work?

Essay Topic 2

The concept of inferiority seems to be one early scientists were very eager to identify. In doing so, it seems, they could help society become stronger and more powerful.

Part 1: What seems to be the definition of inferiority as measured by the scientists in the studies Gould has shed light on?

Part 2: Why does inferiority need to be identified in any society? What are the benefits to this labeling?

Part 3: What are the negative effects of creating a group of people who are considered by scientists to be inferior to others?

Essay Topic 3

In the end, Gould seems to come to the conclusion that humans don't necessarily adapt because of biology and biological changes. There are other reasons for adaptation.

Part 1: What is one way humans can adapt, which is not biological in nature?

Part 2: What is the main flaw of the previous studies Gould has mentioned in the book?

Part 3: How do you feel about Gould's ideas? Do they make sense to you? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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