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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Binet spend a lot of time measuring skulls to see the correlation between size and intelligence, like Broca claimed, but his findings did not correlate with the __________ designation of smart and dumb.

2. Burt's papers and data were ____________, which seems to be when his falsifications began.

3. Members of the inferior group were always compared with ________ children.

4. "The __________ of inferior groups must be like __________ of superior groups..."

5. "s" was considered the product of _________ by both Spearman and Burt.

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Cesare Lombroso have to say about criminal behavior?

2. What does the factor analysis variable 'g' stand for?

3. What did E.D. Cope believe affected the value of a person and the determination of their inferiority?

4. What was Havelock Ellis' major claim in his study of the measurement of bodies in order to determine value?

5. What were the three rules Binet set up to help prevent the misuse of his test?

6. Was factor analysis the right technique to use in intelligence testing?

7. Define the idea of correlation.

8. What did Binet's study of intelligence begin to rely on as opposed to medical measures of intelligence?

9. What did Binet do in order to fulfill the obligations of his commission in 1904?

10. Binet was also trying to create a test that distinguished between what?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The idea that criminal behavior is hereditary is another idea that springs up during the introduction of evolution. The notion that criminal tendencies could spring up in the genes and then in the behaviors was widely accepted.

Part 1: Who was the main researcher of this idea of criminal behavior based on hereditary patterns?

Part 2: What were the weaknesses of this researcher's studies?

Part 3: What was the theory of atavism and what did it mean to society?

Essay Topic 2

Samuel George Morton was a collector of skulls, which lead to his own studies in the ranking of individuals. But Gould is not so sure Morton is as careful with his research as many once thought.

Part 1: What did Morton do with the skulls he had collected and measured?

Part 2: What was Morton's conclusion based on his measurements of the skills?

Part 3: What was the problem Gould found with Morton's work, "Crania Americana"?

Part 4: What are the four conclusions Gould draws about Morton's work?

Essay Topic 3

Another researcher of brain size was Paul Broca. This professor of surgery used numbers which Gould is unsure were legitimate in order to show, one again, the inferiority of blacks.

Part 1: What does Gould think Broca did before doing his research that affected the results?

Part 2: What were Broca's numbers and results based on?

Part 3: In what way were Broca's studies biased?

(see the answer keys)

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