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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. E.D. Cope thought that _______ Europeans were inferior to others.

2. Unlike Binet, Goddard used __________ to label and to categorize.

3. The general intellectual knowledge of the child was calculated by subtracting the ________ age from his true chronological age.

4. A perfect correlation graph between two variables would show ________________.

5. In a factor analysis graph, the two vectors lie ___________.

Short Essay Questions

1. How were Burt's papers and data related to his studies destroyed?

2. What does Cesare Lombroso have to say about criminal behavior?

3. What did E.D. Cope believe affected the value of a person and the determination of their inferiority?

4. What did Ellis find happened to men who were living in urban areas?

5. Was factor analysis the right technique to use in intelligence testing?

6. What was Binet commissions to do in 1904?

7. What did Burt try to claim he had developed, though it was later shown to be a false claim?

8. What did Gould feel about Eysenck's arguments for black inferiority?

9. What does the factor analysis variable 'g' stand for?

10. Where did Alfred Binet first begin his study of human intelligence?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The idea that criminal behavior is hereditary is another idea that springs up during the introduction of evolution. The notion that criminal tendencies could spring up in the genes and then in the behaviors was widely accepted.

Part 1: Who was the main researcher of this idea of criminal behavior based on hereditary patterns?

Part 2: What were the weaknesses of this researcher's studies?

Part 3: What was the theory of atavism and what did it mean to society?

Essay Topic 2

Recapitulation is an idea that seems to allow for the ranking of people from high to low. This idea is one of the many that sprang up in the nineteenth century, and Gould is quick to point out the main issues.

Part 1: How is recapitulation defined?

Part 2: What did this theory provide that other scientific theories did not?

Part 3: How were adults and children used in the scientific theory of recapitulation?

Essay Topic 3

Another researcher of brain size was Paul Broca. This professor of surgery used numbers which Gould is unsure were legitimate in order to show, one again, the inferiority of blacks.

Part 1: What does Gould think Broca did before doing his research that affected the results?

Part 2: What were Broca's numbers and results based on?

Part 3: In what way were Broca's studies biased?

(see the answer keys)

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