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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Factor analysis is a _______ method technique.

2. No matter how strong a correlation is, it says nothing about _________.

3. Who did Goddard classify was having a mental age below 3?

4. Havelock found that _________ males were more effeminate.

5. E.D. Cope thought that _______ Europeans were inferior to others.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Louis Bolk have to say about whites and blacks?

2. Define the idea of correlation.

3. What were the three facts upon which H.J. Eysenck based his theory of the inferiority of blacks?

4. What does Cesare Lombroso have to say about criminal behavior?

5. What did Gould feel about Eysenck's arguments for black inferiority?

6. What does the factor analysis variable 'g' stand for?

7. What did Ellis find happened to men who were living in urban areas?

8. What did E.D. Cope believe affected the value of a person and the determination of their inferiority?

9. What were the problems of Burt's studies?

10. What did Burt try to claim he had developed, though it was later shown to be a false claim?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The idea that criminal behavior is hereditary is another idea that springs up during the introduction of evolution. The notion that criminal tendencies could spring up in the genes and then in the behaviors was widely accepted.

Part 1: Who was the main researcher of this idea of criminal behavior based on hereditary patterns?

Part 2: What were the weaknesses of this researcher's studies?

Part 3: What was the theory of atavism and what did it mean to society?

Essay Topic 2

For many people, the idea of a scientific study is instantly perceived as being valid and useful to those who read it and understand it. But Gould seems to be attacking the scientific process, or at least, his book might be perceived in that manner.

Part 1: Why does Gould decide to attack the science behind the studies of ranking individuals according to intelligence?

Part 2: In what ways is science affected by those who utilize it for studying certain subjects? Better said, how do the researchers themselves affect the outcomes of their experiments?

Part 3: Do you think a scientific study can ever be completely free of bias? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

The idea of testing children in schools is one that is a normal part of life today, but it can have many issues in its effectiveness and in its logic. Binet understood this, and yet still seems to have created more problems in terms of studying intelligence in children.

Part 1: What are some of the problems that stemmed from Binet's test, related to the idea that intelligence is inevitable?

Part 2: What are some ways that heredity is confused within and between groups in relation to Binet's test?

Part 3: Many American psychologists did not follow Binet's rules for using his tests. What belief did this lead to?

(see the answer keys)

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