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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Experts claimed it was no good to __________ blacks.

2. Franklin P. Mall __________ and __________ Bean's work.

3. What is the study of measuring the human head in order to assess intelligence called?

4. What kinds of weaknesses is Gould looking to find in the arguments of other scientists presented in this book?

5. When did craniometry first appear in the study of intelligence?

Short Essay Questions

1. In the opening of this book, Gould quotes Socrates as saying all people should be educated and that they will belong to whom in order for society to remain stable?

2. What does Gould have to say about science in relation to the facts it collects?

3. What are the two views that resulted in the study of racial inferiority?

4. What does Gould want to study in relation to the science related to the arguments for biological determinism?

5. What is the special designation that craniometry holds in relation to the study of ranking and intelligence?

6. Who was Serres, in relation to the polygenism movement? What did he study and find to be true?

7. What does Gould logically assume to be true in relation to the contents of the brain?

8. Why did Broca feel women should be denied the benefits of education?

9. What did Gould find to be the main problem with Paul Broca's work?

10. What were Broca's numbers based upon, according to Gould's examination of his studies?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Another researcher of brain size was Paul Broca. This professor of surgery used numbers which Gould is unsure were legitimate in order to show, one again, the inferiority of blacks.

Part 1: What does Gould think Broca did before doing his research that affected the results?

Part 2: What were Broca's numbers and results based on?

Part 3: In what way were Broca's studies biased?

Essay Topic 2

Recapitulation is an idea that seems to allow for the ranking of people from high to low. This idea is one of the many that sprang up in the nineteenth century, and Gould is quick to point out the main issues.

Part 1: How is recapitulation defined?

Part 2: What did this theory provide that other scientific theories did not?

Part 3: How were adults and children used in the scientific theory of recapitulation?

Essay Topic 3

The idea of testing children in schools is one that is a normal part of life today, but it can have many issues in its effectiveness and in its logic. Binet understood this, and yet still seems to have created more problems in terms of studying intelligence in children.

Part 1: What are some of the problems that stemmed from Binet's test, related to the idea that intelligence is inevitable?

Part 2: What are some ways that heredity is confused within and between groups in relation to Binet's test?

Part 3: Many American psychologists did not follow Binet's rules for using his tests. What belief did this lead to?

(see the answer keys)

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