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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Gould calls biological determinism a theory of _____________ that has had a profound effect on many people.

2. Black anatomical structure was often compared to that of a __________.

3. The main question becomes, can ________ change the status of the inferior group?

4. Where was Robert Bennett Bean a physician?

5. Gould also wants to look for problems in the ___________ data.

Short Essay Questions

1. If given the races of Indian, Black, and White, how would these be ranked, according to the early craniometry methods?

2. What were Broca's numbers based upon, according to Gould's examination of his studies?

3. How is biological determinism used in regards to the measurement of intelligence of people in society?

4. What is the special designation that craniometry holds in relation to the study of ranking and intelligence?

5. What does Gunnar Myrdal have to say about the situation of ranking people in society?

6. What are the two groups Gould identifies within the idea of ranking blacks and other races?

7. What did David Hume believe about white men?

8. Define the idea of polygenism.

9. Describe and define the idea of biological determinism.

10. What are some of the arguments that have been used to justify the rankings of people in society?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Monogenism and polygenism began the discussion that evolved into the idea of one kind of person being better than another kind of person. But that's where many of the troubles, Gould feels, also began.

Part 1: Define the idea of mongenism.

Part 2: Define the idea of polygenism.

Part 3: Which of these two ideas seems to be the most realistic? Why? Support your answer with information from the book.

Essay Topic 2

In the end, Gould seems to come to the conclusion that humans don't necessarily adapt because of biology and biological changes. There are other reasons for adaptation.

Part 1: What is one way humans can adapt, which is not biological in nature?

Part 2: What is the main flaw of the previous studies Gould has mentioned in the book?

Part 3: How do you feel about Gould's ideas? Do they make sense to you? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

The idea of testing children in schools is one that is a normal part of life today, but it can have many issues in its effectiveness and in its logic. Binet understood this, and yet still seems to have created more problems in terms of studying intelligence in children.

Part 1: What are some of the problems that stemmed from Binet's test, related to the idea that intelligence is inevitable?

Part 2: What are some ways that heredity is confused within and between groups in relation to Binet's test?

Part 3: Many American psychologists did not follow Binet's rules for using his tests. What belief did this lead to?

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