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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was Francis Galton's book published in 1869?

2. Louis from #55 believed that there were different centers of _________.

3. On what did Bean gather information?

4. Franklin P. Mall __________ and __________ Bean's work.

5. Who was the skull collector that had more than one thousand different skulls?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was Francis Galton and what did he do for the scientific study of intelligence measurement?

2. What were the results of Bean's work, as he found the differences between the races and the genders?

3. What is the special designation that craniometry holds in relation to the study of ranking and intelligence?

4. What does Gould logically assume to be true in relation to the contents of the brain?

5. Why did Broca feel women should be denied the benefits of education?

6. Define the idea of monogenism.

7. How is biological determinism used in regards to the measurement of intelligence of people in society?

8. What is Socrates' idea as to how classes and categories will be formed in relation to people in a society?

9. In the opening of this book, Gould quotes Socrates as saying all people should be educated and that they will belong to whom in order for society to remain stable?

10. What does Gunnar Myrdal have to say about the situation of ranking people in society?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Biological determinism is the concept upon which the ranking systems in this book are based. By taking into consideration biology, it is thought that scientists can begin to form systems of ranking.

Part 1: What is the definition of biological determinism?

Part 2: What are some examples of research the relies on biological determinism?

Part 3: Does biological determinism seem to be a logical place to begin a system of ranking people according to value? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

What's interesting is the Binet seems to be the one scientist who is concerned about how his findings would be used in everyday life and for everyday people.

Part 1: What was Binet worried about in regards to the tests he administered?

Part 2: What were the three rules Binet devised in order to ensure his test would not be misused?

Part 3: What did Binet suggest young children with learning issues might need?

Essay Topic 3

The idea that criminal behavior is hereditary is another idea that springs up during the introduction of evolution. The notion that criminal tendencies could spring up in the genes and then in the behaviors was widely accepted.

Part 1: Who was the main researcher of this idea of criminal behavior based on hereditary patterns?

Part 2: What were the weaknesses of this researcher's studies?

Part 3: What was the theory of atavism and what did it mean to society?

(see the answer keys)

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