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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The answer to #55 was known as a _________ because he looked for small differences between species.

2. The answer to #48 said that humans were distinguished from _________ by the human's ability to improve himself.

3. What does Gould want to find in science that will support the idea that biological determinism is a result of social prejudice?

4. What is the one category to which Socrates does NOT say people belong?

5. Bean felt that the ______, or front part of the brain, was smaller in women than in men.

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some of the arguments that have been used to justify the rankings of people in society?

2. Describe and define the idea of biological determinism.

3. How is biological determinism used in regards to the measurement of intelligence of people in society?

4. What are the two groups Gould identifies within the idea of ranking blacks and other races?

5. Why did Broca feel women should be denied the benefits of education?

6. What does Gould logically assume to be true in relation to the contents of the brain?

7. What did Robert Bennett Bean study as an investigator into craniometry?

8. What does Gould have to say about science in relation to the facts it collects?

9. If given the races of Indian, Black, and White, how would these be ranked, according to the early craniometry methods?

10. Who are two of the famous figures from history who are noted as believing in the inferiority of the blacks?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The condemnation of other races seems to be the target of many of the intelligence studies and their study parameters. Studies seem to have been created just to point out the inferiority of these races.

Part 1: Which races are singled out in this book as being less than intelligent?

Part 2: What are the reasons given for these races being less than intelligent? What is the 'proof' the scientists have to offer?

Part 3: Do you think it's possible for one race to be inferior to another? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

The idea that criminal behavior is hereditary is another idea that springs up during the introduction of evolution. The notion that criminal tendencies could spring up in the genes and then in the behaviors was widely accepted.

Part 1: Who was the main researcher of this idea of criminal behavior based on hereditary patterns?

Part 2: What were the weaknesses of this researcher's studies?

Part 3: What was the theory of atavism and what did it mean to society?

Essay Topic 3

Alfred Binet is prominently studied within "The Mismeasure of Man." His work helped to define the study of human intelligence and paved the way for many more studies in that arena.

Part 1: What was the background of Alfred Binet?

Part 2: What was Binet commissioned to do and how did he set about achieving this goal?

Part 3: What was Binet's major claim to fame in relation to the ranking of human intelligence?

(see the answer keys)

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