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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where was Robert Bennett Bean a physician?
(a) Texas
(b) Massachusetts
(c) Virginia
(d) Ohio

2. "For the past two centuries, scientific claims have become the primary agent for validating Plato's ________."
(a) Story
(b) Argument
(c) Life
(d) Myth

3. It is logical to assume that mentality and ____________ are located in the brain.
(a) intelligence
(b) potential
(c) spirit
(d) logic

4. Hume believed there was never a __________ nation that wasn't made of white men.
(a) civilized
(b) useless
(c) conflict ridden
(d) productive

5. According to Gould, science must be viewed in its ________ context since culture and environment also influence facts and theories.
(a) racial
(b) ethnic
(c) biological
(d) social

Short Answer Questions

1. The argument of _______________ is the basis for believing that measuring the intelligence of an individual allows a measure of worth or value to be attached.

2. What did Gould see Broca had formed before he ever started his research?

3. What is the study of measuring the human head in order to assess intelligence called?

4. According to Gould, Broca's studies were __________ by his choice of what to observe to provide that white brains were larger than black brains.

5. If inferiority is cultural, then it can be changed by __________ factors

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Socrates' idea as to how classes and categories will be formed in relation to people in a society?

2. What does Gould want to define ranking as?

3. What are the two groups Gould identifies within the idea of ranking blacks and other races?

4. In the opening of this book, Gould quotes Socrates as saying all people should be educated and that they will belong to whom in order for society to remain stable?

5. What did Robert Bennett Bean study as an investigator into craniometry?

6. Who was Serres, in relation to the polygenism movement? What did he study and find to be true?

7. Describe and define the idea of biological determinism.

8. What were Broca's numbers based upon, according to Gould's examination of his studies?

9. What did Gould find to be the main problem with Paul Broca's work?

10. If given the races of Indian, Black, and White, how would these be ranked, according to the early craniometry methods?

(see the answer keys)

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