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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The answer to #48 also tried to show the entities with a higher ranking had to repeat the _________ of those with lower ranking.
(a) illnesses
(b) growth stages
(c) work
(d) education

2. Which view was based on the idea that inferior races can not be linked to the whites because they started from a separate group of DNA and people?
(a) Monogenism
(b) Recapitulation
(c) Racial ranking
(d) Polygenism

3. The answer to #48 said that humans were distinguished from _________ by the human's ability to improve himself.
(a) slaves
(b) blacks
(c) savages
(d) animals

4. Gould calls biological determinism a theory of _____________ that has had a profound effect on many people.
(a) prejudice
(b) races
(c) society
(d) limits

5. According to Gould, science must be viewed in its ________ context since culture and environment also influence facts and theories.
(a) ethnic
(b) social
(c) biological
(d) racial

Short Answer Questions

1. Which was the top-ranked race in practitioners of racial ranking?

2. Bean compared the _______ of blacks and whites to prove his view of the inferiority of blacks.

3. In America, the theory of polygeny was supported by Louis __________.

4. Motor functions are performed at the _________ of the brain.

5. What does Socrates feel will happen when all people are intelligent?

Short Essay Questions

1. Define the idea of monogenism.

2. What were the results of Bean's work, as he found the differences between the races and the genders?

3. How is biological determinism used in regards to the measurement of intelligence of people in society?

4. What are 2 of the four points Gould keeps in mind as he examines the studies of the researchers in this book?

5. What were some of the additional factors Gratiolet studied in order to determine the effect of brain size?

6. Who was Serres, in relation to the polygenism movement? What did he study and find to be true?

7. What does Gould want to define ranking as?

8. What is the special designation that craniometry holds in relation to the study of ranking and intelligence?

9. What does Gunnar Myrdal have to say about the situation of ranking people in society?

10. What are some of the arguments that have been used to justify the rankings of people in society?

(see the answer keys)

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