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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. _________, after initially giving up his identity as a Jew, regained his religion and came up with the dual identity theory.

2. James felt that pragmatism was the philosophy of __________.

3. In many societies in the early 20th Century the concept of ________ began to appear.

4. Within his theory of pragmatism, James came to believe that some beliefs were __________.

5. The school was run based on the operating philosophies of ________ schools, including 'pure learning' and 'academic freedom'.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Dewey do after leaving the University of Michigan at the age of thirty-five?

2. Who created the University of Chicago though he stayed out of all areas except the financial area?

3. What is it said that pragmatism helps reformers, misfits, and geniuses do in their lives?

4. What was never the intention of the American Association of University Professors though it ended up being the case anyway?

5. What did Pierce have to do because of the cancer that ravaged his body in his later years?

6. What was the greatest achievement of Holmes which occurred before he was 40 years old?

7. What would happen if Harper did not like something a teacher said during a lecture?

8. How were students taught at the laboratory school in Chicago by Dewey and the staff?

9. What was happened that made it difficult for Dewey to get into Chicago to start his new job?

10. Why did Pierce and his wife go to New York after he was fired from the Coast Survey?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Charles Pierce decided that he wanted to found the Metaphysical Club in order to get the help he needed with a law he was trying to complete.

Part 1: Do you think it's better to get input from others on work you do or to do work on your own? Why?

Part 2: Do you think it's fair to ask others to contribute to your theory and the story of your theory? Why or why not?

Part 3: Do you think the idea of the Metaphysical Club was a good one? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Pierce decided he wanted to create a theory and a law of randomness which would contradict Darwin and Laplace's theories.

Part 1: Why do you think randomness is an important idea to study?

Part 2: Do you think the human behavior can be predicted with statistics? Why or why not?

Part 3: Do you believe the world has order or is everything completely random? Why?

Essay Topic 3

The question of slavery is often one that is treated on moral grounds these days as opposed to the grounds on which it was judged before slavery was abolished.

Part 1: Why do you think some people believed that slavery was okay?

Part 2: Do you think slavery was a necessary evil for society to have during that time?

Part 3: Why do you think that slavery is still allowed in certain parts of the world today?

(see the answer keys)

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