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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Wright believed that ___________ is the difference between facts and values.
(a) Positivism.
(b) Pragmatism.
(c) Negativism.
(d) Constructivism.

2. 12 years out of school, Holmes wrote an article based on ________, the idea that if one does his job correctly and with honor, one should be fulfilled.
(a) Separatism.
(b) Freedom.
(c) Occupationism.
(d) Jobbism.

3. Charles Pierce had an addiction to ______ that started due to a childhood prescription for facial neuralgia.
(a) Cocaine.
(b) Morphine.
(c) Opium.
(d) Heroin.

4. In January of 1861, Richard Hallowell hired Holmes as a body guard for __________.
(a) Dred Scott.
(b) John Brown.
(c) Lovejoy.
(d) Wendell Phillips.

5. __________ talked the Belgian government into building an observatory and sending him to Paris to get training.
(a) Joseph Fourier.
(b) Charles Pierce.
(c) Henry Thomas Buckle.
(d) Adolph Quetlet.

6. William James concluded from his trip to Brazil that the effects of race and circumstances depend on a person's __________.
(a) Personality.
(b) Temperament.
(c) Upbringing.
(d) Adaptability.

7. The military leaders during the time of the civil war were often chosen due to __________.
(a) Demonstrated leadership.
(b) Political influence.
(c) Military training.
(d) Battle prowess.

8. ____________ lobbied Congress to help create a National Academy of Science.
(a) Benjamin Pierce and Louis Agassiz.
(b) Charles Darwin and Louis Agassiz.
(c) Charles Pierce and Louis Agassiz.
(d) Josiah Nott and Benjamin Pierce.

9. _________ founded the Metaphysical Club in 1872 in Cambridge.
(a) Charles Darwin.
(b) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
(c) William James.
(d) Charles Pierce.

10. After the murder of ________ Emerson's distrust of the South grew as did his affiliation with the abolitionists.
(a) Holmes Sr.
(b) James.
(c) Phillips.
(d) Lovejoy.

11. ___________ felt that he was at a disadvantage because he had no formal education.
(a) Wilky James.
(b) William James.
(c) Bob James.
(d) Henry James Jr.

12. William James and Charles Pierce became friends while they were both attending ___________.
(a) Cambridge University.
(b) Oxford University.
(c) Lawrence Scientific School.
(d) Harvard University.

13. Henry Dana, Charles Sumner and Charles Adams wanted to use the governmental system to stop the spread of slavery. They were _________.
(a) Democrats.
(b) Separationists.
(c) Republicans.
(d) Conscious Whigs.

14. Due to Henry James Sr.'s religious beliefs, his wife Mary Walsh had to resign her membership at the _________ church before their marriage.
(a) Presbyterian.
(b) Swedenborgian.
(c) Lutheran.
(d) Scottish Baptist.

15. Henry James Sr. became involved with all of the following religious groups except _________.
(a) Primitive Christians.
(b) Scottish Baptists.
(c) Lutheran.
(d) Swedenborgism.

Short Answer Questions

1. What planet's discovery did Benjamin Pierce call 'a happy accident'

2. William James spent a great deal of time and energy on being indecisive, but he was able to use it to create the idea of _________.

3. Henry Sr. viewed _________ as he did everything, with a distrust of institutions.

4. Unlike Darwin, Charles Pierce did not believe that randomness __________.

5. After several political battles the school was administered by _________.

(see the answer keys)

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