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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. ____________ lobbied Congress to help create a National Academy of Science.
(a) Charles Pierce and Louis Agassiz.
(b) Josiah Nott and Benjamin Pierce.
(c) Benjamin Pierce and Louis Agassiz.
(d) Charles Darwin and Louis Agassiz.

2. ___________was a physician from Montgomery, Alabama that did not agree with slavery but was afraid of Black people.
(a) George Glidden.
(b) Louis Agassiz.
(c) William James.
(d) Josiah Nott.

3. Before the war, Holmes considered _________ to be the center of intellectual thinking, like his father before him.
(a) Boston.
(b) Philadelphia.
(c) Jamestown.
(d) New York.

4. __________ states that since there is no unknown variable, the measurement is likely to be between the two extremes.
(a) The Law of Statistics.
(b) The Law of Probability.
(c) The Law of Errors.
(d) The Bell Curve Law.

5. After Holmes returned to the army following the Battle of Fredericksburg, there was a new regiment created of black volunteers, the __________.
(a) 59th Massachusetts.
(b) 57th Massachusetts.
(c) 45th Massachusetts.
(d) 54th Massachusetts.

6. After the murder of ________ Emerson's distrust of the South grew as did his affiliation with the abolitionists.
(a) Lovejoy.
(b) James.
(c) Holmes Sr.
(d) Phillips.

7. __________ believed that results not logic created beliefs.
(a) Charles Eliot.
(b) William James.
(c) Henry Buckle.
(d) Chauncy Wright.

8. Henry James had a relationship with _________ who like him disliked institutionalization and systems.
(a) Oliver Wendell Holmes.
(b) Charles Lowell.
(c) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
(d) Henry Abbott.

9. Many Southerners and Northerners found a problem with _________ because it seemed to contradict Genesis.
(a) Types of Mankind.
(b) Polytheism.
(c) Polygenism.
(d) Monogenism.

10. William James believed that there were always more solutions to a project than a single person could create, which led to the idea of ___________.
(a) Polygenism.
(b) Scientific Monism.
(c) Polytheism.
(d) Scientific Pluralism.

11. In September of 1876 __________ died of an overdose at the age of 46.
(a) William James.
(b) Nicholas St. John Green.
(c) Charles Eliot.
(d) Chauncy Wright.

12. William James spent a great deal of time and energy on being indecisive, but he was able to use it to create the idea of _________.
(a) Antagonism.
(b) Abolitionism.
(c) Separatism.
(d) Pragmatism.

13. _________ was able to integrate polygenism into the South by linking it to Christianity.
(a) George Glidden.
(b) Samuel Cartwright.
(c) Louis Agassiz.
(d) Josiah Nott.

14. Due to Henry James Sr.'s religious beliefs, his wife Mary Walsh had to resign her membership at the _________ church before their marriage.
(a) Lutheran.
(b) Swedenborgian.
(c) Scottish Baptist.
(d) Presbyterian.

15. Quetlet published several pieces that pointed to societal factors instead of biological factors. Which country in Europe were unsure of his work?
(a) Germany.
(b) France.
(c) Belgium.
(d) England.

Short Answer Questions

1. In January of 1861, Richard Hallowell hired Holmes as a body guard for __________.

2. The Battle of the Wilderness claimed 60,000 lives and was fought over the span of _________.

3. Agassiz wrote a letter to ________ stating that he had not found any real evidence of the Ice Age in South America.

4. 12 years out of school, Holmes wrote an article based on ________, the idea that if one does his job correctly and with honor, one should be fulfilled.

5. In 1854 __________ published a two-book set entitled Types of Mankind asserting the supremacy of the white race.

(see the answer keys)

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