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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. __________ states that since there is no unknown variable, the measurement is likely to be between the two extremes.
(a) The Law of Statistics.
(b) The Law of Errors.
(c) The Bell Curve Law.
(d) The Law of Probability.

2. Even though he had no formal education in either, ___________ taught psychology and philosophy at Harvard.
(a) Bob James.
(b) William James
(c) Henry James Jr.
(d) Henry James Sr.

3. Holmes sat on the Supreme Court for _______ years.
(a) 14.
(b) 13.
(c) 10.
(d) 16.

4. When the expedition to Brazil returned, _________ gave lectures about evidence of the Ice Age in Brazil.
(a) William James.
(b) Charles Darwin.
(c) Elisabeth Agassiz.
(d) Louis Agassiz.

5. John Dewey attended the University of Vermont and was a supporter of __________.
(a) Burlington philosophy.
(b) Montpelier philosophy.
(c) Conservative individualism.
(d) Pragmatism.

6. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. and Ralph Waldo Emerson worked together in order to found the ___________.
(a) Boston Gazette.
(b) New Yorker.
(c) Harvard Magazine.
(d) Atlantic Monthly.

7. Henry James Sr. was born again during the _________.
(a) Great Second Awakening.
(b) Awakening.
(c) Civil War.
(d) Transcendentalist Movement.

8. Oliver Wendell Holmes often preached the __________.
(a) The equality of all people.
(b) The evils of slavery.
(c) Superiority of white people.
(d) Good word of the Bible.

9. In September of 1876 __________ died of an overdose at the age of 46.
(a) Chauncy Wright.
(b) William James.
(c) Nicholas St. John Green.
(d) Charles Eliot.

10. Before the war, Holmes considered _________ to be the center of intellectual thinking, like his father before him.
(a) Boston.
(b) Jamestown.
(c) Philadelphia.
(d) New York.

11. William James spent a great deal of time and energy on being indecisive, but he was able to use it to create the idea of _________.
(a) Separatism.
(b) Antagonism.
(c) Pragmatism.
(d) Abolitionism.

12. Due to Henry James Sr.'s religious beliefs, his wife Mary Walsh had to resign her membership at the _________ church before their marriage.
(a) Scottish Baptist.
(b) Presbyterian.
(c) Swedenborgian.
(d) Lutheran.

13. William James and Charles Pierce became friends while they were both attending ___________.
(a) Harvard University.
(b) Lawrence Scientific School.
(c) Oxford University.
(d) Cambridge University.

14. In April of 1864, an article was published in the __________ that made him rethink his exhaustion with the war.
(a) Atlantic Review.
(b) New Yorker.
(c) North American Review.
(d) Harvard Magazine.

15. What planet's discovery did Benjamin Pierce call 'a happy accident'
(a) Neptune.
(b) Jupiter.
(c) Saturn.
(d) Pluto.

Short Answer Questions

1. ________ was an officer in the Union Army and was known to many as Captain for the rest of his life.

2. In 1897 _________ made a speech during a monument dedication to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.

3. _________ believed that laws were tools used by judges to set guidelines but were not actual and definitive.

4. The Battle of the Wilderness claimed 60,000 lives and was fought over the span of _________.

5. Holmes joined the army because he felt that it was his duty to fight for what he believed. What was his first battle?

(see the answer keys)

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