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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Louis Agassiz gained fame because of his discovery of _________.

2. Henry James Sr. became involved with all of the following religious groups except _________.

3. In 1854 __________ published a two-book set entitled Types of Mankind asserting the supremacy of the white race.

4. Henry Sr. viewed _________ as he did everything, with a distrust of institutions.

5. Henry James Sr. preached _________ and stated that there was no room for morality.

Short Essay Questions

1. How was is said that Swedenborn created his religion, later becoming a religious leader?

2. What was based on a combination of the theory of probability and statistics?

3. What are some examples of the ways that Ernest Holmes changed the tone of the Harvard Magazine as the editor?

4. Why did Marsh dislike the idea of liberal individualism when it was created by Locke?

5. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

6. What business did the Civil War destroy, though it did not interfere with the textile industry in New England?

7. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

8. What did Agassiz want to prove about the fish that James caught while traveling in Brazil?

9. How did Benjamin Pierce view mathematics and its place within the scientific community?

10. Why were many of Henry's writings published for the public to see in books and in newspapers?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Pierce decided he wanted to create a theory and a law of randomness which would contradict Darwin and Laplace's theories.

Part 1: Why do you think randomness is an important idea to study?

Part 2: Do you think the human behavior can be predicted with statistics? Why or why not?

Part 3: Do you believe the world has order or is everything completely random? Why?

Essay Topic 2

The question of slavery is often one that is treated on moral grounds these days as opposed to the grounds on which it was judged before slavery was abolished.

Part 1: Why do you think some people believed that slavery was okay?

Part 2: Do you think slavery was a necessary evil for society to have during that time?

Part 3: Why do you think that slavery is still allowed in certain parts of the world today?

Essay Topic 3

The disagreement with the idea of creationism and evolution began early on in educational discourse.

Part 1: Why do you think people clung so tightly to the story of creation?

Part 2: In what ways might creationism and evolutionary theory work together?

Part 3: Do you side with evolutionary thinkers or creationism thinkers? Why?

(see the answer keys)

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