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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Holmes was eventually released from his commission and returned home. When he did he entered Harvard to study_________.

2. The method of least squares was used by Charles in his research for the Coast Survey which led to being considered one of the best ____________

3. After several political battles the school was administered by _________.

4. _________ believed there could be no individual without society.

5. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. and Ralph Waldo Emerson worked together in order to found the ___________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

2. How did Benjamin Pierce view mathematics and its place within the scientific community?

3. What were the two events in Henry Sr.'s life which seem to have changed him and his actions?

4. Why did Ernest Holmes join the army in the first place, according to the book?

5. How did the Abolitionists view the Unionists during the period of the Civil War?

6. What happened with the job that Wright had with the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac?

7. What did the Civil War allow Congress to create as it became more active than any other time in history?

8. Why were many of Henry's writings published for the public to see in books and in newspapers?

9. What are some examples of the ways that Ernest Holmes changed the tone of the Harvard Magazine as the editor?

10. Why did Agassiz's second wife, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, open up a school in their home?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

It is curious that the main characters in this story are men and that the great thoughts of America seem to come only from men.

Part 1: Why do you think this book focused on the ideas of men rather than including more women thinkers?

Part 2: Why do you think women were unable to become a part of the Metaphysical Club?

Part 3: Do you think the author believes women did not contribute anything of value at this time? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

The question of slavery is often one that is treated on moral grounds these days as opposed to the grounds on which it was judged before slavery was abolished.

Part 1: Why do you think some people believed that slavery was okay?

Part 2: Do you think slavery was a necessary evil for society to have during that time?

Part 3: Why do you think that slavery is still allowed in certain parts of the world today?

Essay Topic 3

Education is a strong character in this manuscript as well, helping to bring together the members of the Metaphysical Club.

Part 1: Why do you think education was so important to society during those times?

Part 2: Do you think education is more or less important today? Why?

Part 3: Why do you think so many great thinkers ended up at Harvard?

(see the answer keys)

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