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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In January of 1861, Richard Hallowell hired Holmes as a body guard for __________.

2. Holmes was eventually released from his commission and returned home. When he did he entered Harvard to study_________.

3. ___________was a physician from Montgomery, Alabama that did not agree with slavery but was afraid of Black people.

4. __________ talked the Belgian government into building an observatory and sending him to Paris to get training.

5. The method of least squares was used by Charles in his research for the Coast Survey which led to being considered one of the best ____________

Short Essay Questions

1. Define Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection in conjunction with the theory of evolution.

2. Why did Marsh dislike the idea of liberal individualism when it was created by Locke?

3. What were the two occupations between which William James kept having troubles making up his mind?

4. Why were many of Henry's writings published for the public to see in books and in newspapers?

5. Why did many people fear the idea of mathematical laws, such as the Law of Errors?

6. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

7. How was is said that Swedenborn created his religion, later becoming a religious leader?

8. What did Agassiz want to prove about the fish that James caught while traveling in Brazil?

9. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

10. What are some examples of the ways that Ernest Holmes changed the tone of the Harvard Magazine as the editor?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

It is curious that the main characters in this story are men and that the great thoughts of America seem to come only from men.

Part 1: Why do you think this book focused on the ideas of men rather than including more women thinkers?

Part 2: Why do you think women were unable to become a part of the Metaphysical Club?

Part 3: Do you think the author believes women did not contribute anything of value at this time? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Morris was trying to decide how to reconcile science and faith in his own mind - a popular topic of discussion and study.

Part 1: Why do you think faith and science have a difficult time 'getting along' in terms of their ideas?

Part 2: Do you think that faith and science have common ground? Why or why not?

Part 3: Can science and father ever be reconciled? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

Pragmatism states that people are agents of their own destinies and was against systems but not individualistic.

Part 1: Do you believe that people are agents of their own destinies? Why or why not?

Part 2: Do you consider yourself a pragmatist? Why or why not?

Part 3: How does the study of pragmatism get God back into the human equation? Or doesn't it?

(see the answer keys)

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