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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The Battle of the Wilderness was fought by generals Lee and ________.

2. _________ believed that laws were tools used by judges to set guidelines but were not actual and definitive.

3. The military leaders during the time of the civil war were often chosen due to __________.

4. Benjamin and Charles caused fear in the United States because of their use of ___________ in the trial.

5. __________ is the theory stating that races originate from separate sources.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Agassiz want to prove about the fish that James caught while traveling in Brazil?

2. What did Quetlet use the method of least squares for when he was doing his own research?

3. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

4. What were the two occupations between which William James kept having troubles making up his mind?

5. What business did the Civil War destroy, though it did not interfere with the textile industry in New England?

6. What was Webster's argument in terms of the legal battle between the two Darmouths which arose?

7. Why did Agassiz's second wife, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, open up a school in their home?

8. Why did Ernest Holmes join the army in the first place, according to the book?

9. Define Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection in conjunction with the theory of evolution.

10. What happened with the job that Wright had with the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Charles Pierce decided that he wanted to found the Metaphysical Club in order to get the help he needed with a law he was trying to complete.

Part 1: Do you think it's better to get input from others on work you do or to do work on your own? Why?

Part 2: Do you think it's fair to ask others to contribute to your theory and the story of your theory? Why or why not?

Part 3: Do you think the idea of the Metaphysical Club was a good one? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Pierce decided he wanted to create a theory and a law of randomness which would contradict Darwin and Laplace's theories.

Part 1: Why do you think randomness is an important idea to study?

Part 2: Do you think the human behavior can be predicted with statistics? Why or why not?

Part 3: Do you believe the world has order or is everything completely random? Why?

Essay Topic 3

The question of slavery is often one that is treated on moral grounds these days as opposed to the grounds on which it was judged before slavery was abolished.

Part 1: Why do you think some people believed that slavery was okay?

Part 2: Do you think slavery was a necessary evil for society to have during that time?

Part 3: Why do you think that slavery is still allowed in certain parts of the world today?

(see the answer keys)

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