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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. William James and Charles Pierce became friends while they were both attending ___________.

2. The military leaders during the time of the civil war were often chosen due to __________.

3. In 1897 _________ made a speech during a monument dedication to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.

4. ___________ disliked immigration and created a society of married women who demanded their husbands pay for housecleaning.

5. The dominant political party during the time of the Civil War was ________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

2. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

3. What business did the Civil War destroy, though it did not interfere with the textile industry in New England?

4. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

5. What did the experiences Holmes had in the Civil War lead him to believe about the cause of violence?

6. What were the two events in Henry Sr.'s life which seem to have changed him and his actions?

7. How was is said that Swedenborn created his religion, later becoming a religious leader?

8. Why did John Dewey eventually become interested in philosophy as the main direction of his work?

9. What did the Civil War allow Congress to create as it became more active than any other time in history?

10. Why did many people fear the idea of mathematical laws, such as the Law of Errors?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Many of the great thinkers in this book worked on ideas about probability and the laws of errors.

Part 1: Why do you think probability was such a hot topic in those days?

Part 2: Why do you think society wanted to learn more about probability? How would these findings influence their lives?

Part 3: Do you think probability is an important topic of study? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

The disagreement with the idea of creationism and evolution began early on in educational discourse.

Part 1: Why do you think people clung so tightly to the story of creation?

Part 2: In what ways might creationism and evolutionary theory work together?

Part 3: Do you side with evolutionary thinkers or creationism thinkers? Why?

Essay Topic 3

William Henry, Sr. always felt that he was at a disadvantage because he had no true and formal education.

Part 1: Why do you think William Henry, Sr. distrusted institutions so much?

Part 2: How do you think society values an education these days? Or don't they?

Part 3: Do you think Henry, Sr. would have had a better life had he had an education? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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