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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What planet's discovery did Benjamin Pierce call 'a happy accident'
(a) Saturn.
(b) Neptune.
(c) Jupiter.
(d) Pluto.

2. Holmes sat on the Supreme Court for _______ years.
(a) 13.
(b) 10.
(c) 16.
(d) 14.

3. Benjamin and Charles caused fear in the United States because of their use of ___________ in the trial.
(a) Fear tactics.
(b) Witnesses.
(c) Signatures.
(d) Statistics.

4. When the expedition to Brazil returned, _________ gave lectures about evidence of the Ice Age in Brazil.
(a) William James.
(b) Charles Darwin.
(c) Louis Agassiz.
(d) Elisabeth Agassiz.

5. After several political battles the school was administered by _________.
(a) Eleazer Wheelock.
(b) John Wheelock.
(c) Native Americans.
(d) The original 12 member board of trustees.

Short Answer Questions

1. Henry Dana, Charles Sumner and Charles Adams wanted to use the governmental system to stop the spread of slavery. They were _________.

2. Oliver Wendell Holmes often preached the __________.

3. Holmes was wounded ______ times during the Civil War.

4. ____________ lobbied Congress to help create a National Academy of Science.

5. __________ talked the Belgian government into building an observatory and sending him to Paris to get training.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

2. Why did Agassiz's second wife, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, open up a school in their home?

3. Why did Marsh dislike the idea of liberal individualism when it was created by Locke?

4. What did the experiences Holmes had in the Civil War lead him to believe about the cause of violence?

5. Why was Boston the financial center for all cotton products in the mid 19th century?

6. What are some examples of the ways that Ernest Holmes changed the tone of the Harvard Magazine as the editor?

7. Though John Dewey was often considered to be a liberal, what were some of his true views?

8. Why did John Dewey eventually become interested in philosophy as the main direction of his work?

9. What happened with the job that Wright had with the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac?

10. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

(see the answer keys)

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