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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Henry James Sr. preached _________ and stated that there was no room for morality.
(a) Atheism.
(b) Abstinence.
(c) Slavery as a virtue.
(d) Free love.

2. Henry James Sr. was born again during the _________.
(a) Great Second Awakening.
(b) Civil War.
(c) Awakening.
(d) Transcendentalist Movement.

3. Holmes joined the army because he felt that it was his duty to fight for what he believed. What was his first battle?
(a) The Battle of Antietam.
(b) The Battle of Chancelorsville.
(c) The Battle of Bull Run.
(d) The Battle at Ball's Bluff.

4. Holmes was not present for the Battle of Fredericksburg and viewed it as _________.
(a) Proof of his convictions.
(b) A waste of humanity.
(c) Racist.
(d) A great success.

5. 12 years out of school, Holmes wrote an article based on ________, the idea that if one does his job correctly and with honor, one should be fulfilled.
(a) Occupationism.
(b) Jobbism.
(c) Separatism.
(d) Freedom.

Short Answer Questions

1. During the Civil War _________ spent ninety days with the Newport Artillery, but then spent the rest of the war studying medicine at Harvard.

2. Holmes was eventually released from his commission and returned home. When he did he entered Harvard to study_________.

3. Henry James Sr. became involved with all of the following religious groups except _________.

4. The Battle of the Wilderness claimed 60,000 lives and was fought over the span of _________.

5. ___________was a protege of George Cuvier and Alexander von Humboldt.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

2. Why did many people fear the idea of mathematical laws, such as the Law of Errors?

3. What was based on a combination of the theory of probability and statistics?

4. What was Webster's argument in terms of the legal battle between the two Darmouths which arose?

5. How did the Abolitionists view the Unionists during the period of the Civil War?

6. Why did Charles Pierce decide he wanted to found the Metaphysical Club in 1872?

7. Why did Agassiz's second wife, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, open up a school in their home?

8. What did the experiences Holmes had in the Civil War lead him to believe about the cause of violence?

9. How did Dr. Samuel Cartwright help to integrate polygenism in the South?

10. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

(see the answer keys)

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