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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Henry James Sr. became involved with all of the following religious groups except _________.
(a) Primitive Christians.
(b) Swedenborgism.
(c) Scottish Baptists.
(d) Lutheran.

2. Many Southerners and Northerners found a problem with _________ because it seemed to contradict Genesis.
(a) Polytheism.
(b) Monogenism.
(c) Types of Mankind.
(d) Polygenism.

3. The war had been compared to _________ and the Union soldiers rallied themselves around it.
(a) The storming of the Bastille.
(b) The Crusades.
(c) The War of Independence.
(d) The Trojan War.

4. Holmes joined the army because he felt that it was his duty to fight for what he believed. What was his first battle?
(a) The Battle of Bull Run.
(b) The Battle of Chancelorsville.
(c) The Battle of Antietam.
(d) The Battle at Ball's Bluff.

5. _________ believed that laws were tools used by judges to set guidelines but were not actual and definitive.
(a) Charles Eliot.
(b) William James.
(c) Chauncy Wright.
(d) Nicholas St. John Green.

Short Answer Questions

1. ________ was an officer in the Union Army and was known to many as Captain for the rest of his life.

2. What planet's discovery did Benjamin Pierce call 'a happy accident'

3. Unlike Darwin, Charles Pierce did not believe that randomness __________.

4. Henry James Sr. preached _________ and stated that there was no room for morality.

5. ____________ lobbied Congress to help create a National Academy of Science.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

2. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

3. What happened with the job that Wright had with the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac?

4. Why did John Dewey eventually become interested in philosophy as the main direction of his work?

5. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

6. What did the Civil War allow Congress to create as it became more active than any other time in history?

7. What did Agassiz want to prove about the fish that James caught while traveling in Brazil?

8. What happened during the Battle of the Wilderness, according to historical records?

9. How did Benjamin Pierce view mathematics and its place within the scientific community?

10. Why did many people fear the idea of mathematical laws, such as the Law of Errors?

(see the answer keys)

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