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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Holmes joined the army because he felt that it was his duty to fight for what he believed. What was his first battle?
(a) The Battle at Ball's Bluff.
(b) The Battle of Antietam.
(c) The Battle of Bull Run.
(d) The Battle of Chancelorsville.

2. _______ used his studies of Black Egyptian skulls to conclude that black people had always been slaves.
(a) Louis Agassiz.
(b) William James.
(c) Samuel George Morton.
(d) Henry James Sr.

3. In the North, people were split between the Abolitionists and the _________.
(a) Populists.
(b) Segregationists.
(c) Pro-slavery faction.
(d) Unionists.

4. _________ founded the Metaphysical Club in 1872 in Cambridge.
(a) Charles Darwin.
(b) Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
(c) William James.
(d) Charles Pierce.

5. Henry Dana, Charles Sumner and Charles Adams wanted to use the governmental system to stop the spread of slavery. They were _________.
(a) Conscious Whigs.
(b) Republicans.
(c) Democrats.
(d) Separationists.

Short Answer Questions

1. Holmes sat on the Supreme Court for _______ years.

2. ____________ began with a drunken man hallucinating in a tavern. This religion later became affiliated with Mesmerism.

3. In 1854 __________ published a two-book set entitled Types of Mankind asserting the supremacy of the white race.

4. The Civil War caused the beliefs of previous times to be __________.

5. Quetlet published several pieces that pointed to societal factors instead of biological factors. Which country in Europe were unsure of his work?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the two occupations between which William James kept having troubles making up his mind?

2. Why did Charles Pierce decide he wanted to found the Metaphysical Club in 1872?

3. Though John Dewey was often considered to be a liberal, what were some of his true views?

4. How did the Abolitionists view the Unionists during the period of the Civil War?

5. What was based on a combination of the theory of probability and statistics?

6. What business did the Civil War destroy, though it did not interfere with the textile industry in New England?

7. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

8. What were the two events in Henry Sr.'s life which seem to have changed him and his actions?

9. Why did Agassiz's second wife, Elizabeth Cabot Cary, open up a school in their home?

10. What did Agassiz want to prove about the fish that James caught while traveling in Brazil?

(see the answer keys)

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