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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In September of 1876 __________ died of an overdose at the age of 46.
(a) William James.
(b) Charles Eliot.
(c) Nicholas St. John Green.
(d) Chauncy Wright.

2. The method of least squares was used by Charles in his research for the Coast Survey which led to being considered one of the best ____________
(a) Politicians.
(b) Meteorologists.
(c) Astronomers.
(d) Statisticians.

3. __________ created the method of least squares in order to find the true location of the object.
(a) Carl Gauss.
(b) Adrien Legendre.
(c) Benjamin Pierce.
(d) Pierre Laplace.

4. Charles Pierce wrote about the Metaphysical Club _______ years after it took place.
(a) 35.
(b) 5.
(c) 15.
(d) 25.

5. Henry James Sr. rebelled against his father and took up religion in the form of ___________.
(a) Presbyterian.
(b) Scottish Baptist.
(c) Lutheran.
(d) Swedenborgian.

Short Answer Questions

1. ________ was an officer in the Union Army and was known to many as Captain for the rest of his life.

2. ___________ disliked immigration and created a society of married women who demanded their husbands pay for housecleaning.

3. _________ was able to integrate polygenism into the South by linking it to Christianity.

4. Holmes was not present for the Battle of Fredericksburg and viewed it as _________.

5. ____________ began with a drunken man hallucinating in a tavern. This religion later became affiliated with Mesmerism.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Quetlet use the method of least squares for when he was doing his own research?

2. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

3. Why did Ernest Holmes join the army in the first place, according to the book?

4. How did Dr. Samuel Cartwright help to integrate polygenism in the South?

5. What was Webster's argument in terms of the legal battle between the two Darmouths which arose?

6. What was in the essay that James read by a French philosopher which helped him to gain insight into two things?

7. Why were many of Henry's writings published for the public to see in books and in newspapers?

8. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

9. How did Benjamin Pierce view mathematics and its place within the scientific community?

10. How was is said that Swedenborn created his religion, later becoming a religious leader?

(see the answer keys)

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