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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Henry Sr. viewed _________ as he did everything, with a distrust of institutions.
(a) Military.
(b) Religion.
(c) Education.
(d) Government.

2. __________ created the method of least squares in order to find the true location of the object.
(a) Carl Gauss.
(b) Adrien Legendre.
(c) Pierre Laplace.
(d) Benjamin Pierce.

3. The Civil War saw the end of the __________ industry in New England.
(a) Cotton.
(b) Whaling.
(c) Fishing.
(d) Textile.

4. ___________was a protege of George Cuvier and Alexander von Humboldt.
(a) Louis Agassiz.
(b) Henry James Jr.
(c) Samuel George Morton.
(d) William James.

5. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. and Ralph Waldo Emerson worked together in order to found the ___________.
(a) Boston Gazette.
(b) Harvard Magazine.
(c) Atlantic Monthly.
(d) New Yorker.

Short Answer Questions

1. In April of 1864, an article was published in the __________ that made him rethink his exhaustion with the war.

2. The dominant political party during the time of the Civil War was ________.

3. __________ states that since there is no unknown variable, the measurement is likely to be between the two extremes.

4. _________ believed that laws were tools used by judges to set guidelines but were not actual and definitive.

5. Wright believed that ___________ is the difference between facts and values.

Short Essay Questions

1. Define Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection in conjunction with the theory of evolution.

2. What were the two occupations between which William James kept having troubles making up his mind?

3. Why did Ernest Holmes join the army in the first place, according to the book?

4. Though John Dewey was often considered to be a liberal, what were some of his true views?

5. What happened with the job that Wright had with the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac?

6. What was Webster's argument in terms of the legal battle between the two Darmouths which arose?

7. How did the Abolitionists view the Unionists during the period of the Civil War?

8. What were the two events in Henry Sr.'s life which seem to have changed him and his actions?

9. Why did Charles Pierce decide he wanted to found the Metaphysical Club in 1872?

10. Why was Boston the financial center for all cotton products in the mid 19th century?

(see the answer keys)

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