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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In what other way were mnemonic devices used during the 16th century?
(a) To retain substantial scientific, mathematical, and musical information of the Renaissance.
(b) To convert other non-Christians around the world.
(c) To help explorers navigate to the New World.
(d) To learn the theologies of the Taoist, Buddhist, and Confucian religions.

2. According to "Chapter Four, The Second Image: The Huihui", what was significant about the Chinese ideograph "yao"?
(a) It was not used by many Chinese.
(b) It was easy to translate but difficult to write.
(c) It had five different meanings.
(d) It was easy to write but difficult to translate.

3. Which of the following did the Jesuits NOT do on the trip in 1578?
(a) Tended to the sick.
(b) Heard confessions every eight days.
(c) Prepared meals for the passengers.
(d) Practiced their devotions.

4. Who were the "huihui of the cross" during the 16th century when Ricci was in China?
(a) Buddhists.
(b) Nestorians.
(c) Muslims.
(d) Jews.

5. Who encouraged the use of mnemonic devices as a way to remember the multitude of one's sins?
(a) Plato.
(b) Ignatius Loyola.
(c) Ludolfus Saxony.
(d) Rabelais.

Short Answer Questions

1. During the Renaissance, what was one element missing in the training of Jesuits while in Rome?

2. How was the relationship between true religious experience and magical powers perceived during the 16th century?

3. To what does Ricci compare a ship's pilot?

4. Toward the end of his life, what irony struck Ricci about the Chinese?

5. In the 16th century, which Chinese religions had Trinitarian aspects?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the map that Ricci has printed in 1602.

2. What experiences led to Ricci's skill in drawing maps?

3. What were conditions in Ricci's home city of Macerata when he was a young boy?

4. What did Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, think of mnemonic devices?

5. According to "Chapter Four, The Second Image: The Huihui", what is the second idiograph that Ricci chose for a memory image and why did he choose it?

6. Why did the death of King Sebastian of Portugal cause concern for the Jesuits?

7. During the 16th century, why did the Jesuits send two copies of their letters on two different passages when they wrote home?

8. What were Ricci's rules for picking a location to store the information?

9. About what did Ricci's Chinese Christian converts complain?

10. What did Ricci need the new image associated with the first picture "The Apostle in the Waves" to represent?

(see the answer keys)

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