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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where is DNA found?
(a) In the cells of the nervous system.
(b) In newly forming cells.
(c) Within the cells of every human being.
(d) Within the cells of every living thing.

2. How much information does the universe hold?
(a) An infinite amount of information.
(b) Around 10 to the 90th power bits.
(c) Approximately 15 trillion bits.
(d) Around 20 to the 100th power bits.

3. Where does the Internet store memes?
(a) In clouds.
(b) In the network.
(c) In search engines.
(d) In databases.

4. Why do scientists view quantum particles in terms of probability?
(a) The exact properties of quantum particles are dynamic.
(b) The exact properties of quantum particles are unknown.
(c) The exact properties of quantum particles change.
(d) The exact properties of quantum particles are not stable.

5. What are memes?
(a) Repressive genes.
(b) Chromosomal genes.
(c) Bits of information.
(d) Self-cloning genes.

Short Answer Questions

1. What comment did IBM researcher Charles Bennet make about the amount of information in a message?

2. At an exclusive meeting in New York City, Shannon commented that the English language had what characteristic?

3. What are genes?

4. How do scientists categorize catchphrases like "Survival of the fittest" and "Read my lips"?

5. What can the amount of information in a message be expressed in?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are "memes" as first proposed by Richard Dawkins in "The Selfish Gene"?

2. What did IBM research Charle Bennet write about "information" in the 1980s?

3. What was Claude Shannon referring to by the term "entropy" and what was its importance?

4. What was John von Neumann's theory on energy cost and how did Rolf Landauer disprove that concept?

5. How did Gregory Chaitin characterize random numbers?

6. When was the existence of DNA discovered and by whom?

7. What makes a number "computable?"

8. What are examples of memes?

9. What was the "Library of Babel" that was described in a story by Jorge Luis Borges?

10. When was the term "cybernetics" coined and what meaning was attached to it?

(see the answer keys)

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