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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of these was not one of the three military minds that thought the war would last years, not months?
(a) Kitchener.
(b) Joffre.
(c) Churchill.
(d) Moltke.

2. What were Schlieffen’s last words about the right wing?
(a) To brush the Channel with its sleeve.
(b) To keep it balanced.
(c) To make it strong.
(d) To make it fast.

3. Why did France order a ten-kilometer withdrawal from its frontier on July 30?
(a) To ensure that the soldiers didn’t get too comfortable close to German lines.
(b) To ensure that the blame of starting the war would be on Germany.
(c) To make sure desertion rates stayed low.
(d) To try to get Belgium to join with them.

4. What did Moltke’s nickname der traurige Julius mean in English?
(a) Gloomy George.
(b) Gloomy Gus.
(c) Grumpy Gus.
(d) Grumpy Gale.

5. Schlieffen’s plan was derived from what ancient general at what ancient battle?
(a) Hannibal at Lake Trasimene.
(b) Hannibal at Cannae.
(c) Scipio at Zama.
(d) Scipio at Cannae.

Short Answer Questions

1. The German fear of what did not run as deep as their commitment to Socialism?

2. What did the President of France announce was the only form of fighting suited to the French soldier?

3. The German army used against France was six times bigger in 1914 than it had been in 1870. How big was it?

4. What does King Albert decide to try after Germany refuses to respond to formal messages to prevent a war?

5. What instrument was played at King Edward VII’s funeral?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who controlled the area of Alsace when the war began, and who had controlled it before that?

2. What other country besides Germany planned to use the open frontier of Belgium as a route of invasion, however this time only after the Germans had violated Belgian neutrality? How did they plan to do this?

3. What was the day called Der Tag?

4. What did King Albert decide regarding calling for help from Britain and France at the end of Chapter 8?

5. How was the news of war received in France?

6. While the Germans had defeated the French in the Franco-Prussian war that ended in 1870, what condition was France in when World War I began just over 40 years later?

7. Why did Britain and France create joint military plans in 1905 after Russia was defeated by the Japanese on the other side of the world?

8. Contrast Schlieffen’s bold plan of a right wing attack with his successor General von Moltke’s will to carry it out.

9. In the beginning of Chapter 2 it is revealed that the alliances and counter-alliances of the various powers of Europe had created a “heap of swords piled as delicately as jackstraws” (18). How does this complex web of alliances help lead to the outbreak of war in 1914?

10. What ultimatum did Germany send to Brussels?

(see the answer keys)

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