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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did the German armies do during the first four days of Dubail’s and Castelnau’s offensive into Lorraine?
(a) They retired slowly, according to their plan.
(b) They retired slowly, fighting for ever inch of territory.
(c) The held their ground and did not give an inch of territory.
(d) They attacked and drove back the French.

2. What does Tuchman say “cast a long shadow upon the world” (137)?
(a) The British ultimatum to Germany.
(b) The German ultimatum to the Belgians.
(c) The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
(d) The voyage of the Goeben and the Breslau.

3. As the Prittwitz continued to remain committed to a German retreat, what did Moltke finally do?
(a) Encourage him.
(b) Order him to hold his ground.
(c) Replace him.
(d) Promote him.

4. What was the gateway into Belgium from Germany?
(a) Liege.
(b) Alsace.
(c) Paris.
(d) Brussels.

5. The German and French attacks, each from their extreme right wing, is compared to what?
(a) A diving airplane.
(b) An escalator.
(c) A revolving door.
(d) A subway.

6. The Germans put the number of victims in the massacre at Andenne at 110 people. What was the Belgian number?
(a) 200.
(b) 211.
(c) 194.
(d) 115.

7. As the Allies retreated from the German advance, British casualties continued to grow, solidifying Sir John French’s desire to do what?
(a) Bring his army out of the fight and out of France.
(b) Use his army to finish off the Germans once and for all.
(c) Give his boys a few weeks of rest.
(d) Work in close concert with the French to find a path to victory.

8. In general, the Battle of Gumbinnen was a victory for what country?
(a) The United States.
(b) Germany.
(c) Russia.
(d) France.

9. What was the situation of the German navy and merchant shipping by the end of August?
(a) They had resorted to incessant U-boat attacks.
(b) They had conquered the seas.
(c) They were gathering in the North Sea to fight with the British.
(d) They had disappeared from the open seas.

10. Right from the first day of invasion the Germans shot both Belgian civilians and who else?
(a) Priests.
(b) Politicians.
(c) German civilians.
(d) French immigrants.

11. The British were defeated at Mons. How did the British remember the battle, though?
(a) As a battle of savage ferocity and barbaric violence.
(b) As a crushing disaster.
(c) As an utter victory.
(d) As a battle of desperate and legendary greatness.

12. Who was called the “Sick Man” of Europe? (137)
(a) The Ottoman Empire.
(b) Russia.
(c) The Russian Czar.
(d) Kaiser William II.

13. As the Battle of Tannenberg ended, what news came regarding Rennenkampf’s army?
(a) That it was attacking them from the rear.
(b) That it was on the march but would not reach them that day.
(c) That it was on the march and would be there within the hour.
(d) That it had joined up with Samsonov’s army.

14. What did the cry Kosaken kommen mean?
(a) More sake please.
(b) The commanders are coming.
(c) The Cossack commanders.
(d) The Cossacks are coming.

15. What made Hindenburg stand out as a candidate to replace Prittwitz as Commander of the German Eighth Army?
(a) He was a young fellow, barely out of the war college.
(b) He was imperturbable.
(c) He was easily frightened.
(d) He was older, and thus wiser.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the two Russian armies did the German Eighth Army choose to attack with all of its strength before the other could come to help?

2. The Germans were obsessively concerned about violations of what?

3. What was the primary Allied war aim as expressed by Foreign Minister Sazonov?

4. On what day did a small detachment of the Russian army open the offensive into East Prussia?

5. What did the Russian soldiers do when they saw an airplane, regardless of whose side it was on?

(see the answer keys)

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