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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happened to the government of France on April 4, 1871?

2. From what illness did Mary Cassatt's sister, Lydia, suffer?

3. Did the political catastrophes of 1870-71 stop the influx of Americans to Paris?

4. How old was Mary Cassatt when she made her debut as an Impressionist?

5. What ailment left Gussie Saint-Gaudens feeling isolated late in life?

Short Essay Questions

1. For what reason did the French decide to commission the statue, Liberty Lighting the World, to make as a gift to America?

2. For what reasons did John Singer Sargent choose to make his home in Paris in 1874?

3. Who was among some Americans who returned to Paris after many years to reflect on the impact the city had on their lives and careers?

4. What accomplishment did Elihu Washburne's maternal grandfather complete that made Washburne's mother deeply proud of him?

5. What caused a second exodus out of Paris in 1871?

6. What made the Sargent portrait, Madame X, so controversial in its time?

7. For what reason did Healy and his family choose to return to Paris in 1871?

8. Who was Elihu Washburne? Why did he refuse to leave Paris in 1870 when troops began to descend on Paris?

9. What event took place in Paris in 1867 that brought Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Paris?

10. What type of paintings did John Singer Sargent paint most often?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Who was Elihu Washburne? What was his role in Paris? Why did Washburne not flee Paris along with other Americans before the Siege of Paris? How did Washburne help many Germans return to their country during the war? For what reason? How did Washburne arrange for the evacuation of many Americans from Paris in the days before the Siege of Paris began? How did the Siege of Paris impact Washburne's political career?

Essay Topic 2

How did the change in transatlantic transportation change the immigration of Americans to Paris? What else seems to have impacted the movement of Americans from America to Paris? What were some of the main reasons these Americans traveled to Paris? Who was George Healy? How did he become acquainted with King Louis-Phillipe? What paintings did the king ask Healy to create? Who are among some of the famous people Healy painted during this time period?

Essay Topic 3

Who helped Empress Eugenie escape Paris as France became a republic? For what reason did this person help the Empress? What might have happened to the Empress without the aid of this person? In what other ways did Americans impact Paris during this political upheaval? For what reason? How might history have been written differently without the aid of these Americans?

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