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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What painting did John Singer Sargent create of his art teacher?

2. What fellow artist did Augustus Saint-Gaudens often exchange work with?

3. What is an atelier?

4. How high above New York Harbor does the torch on Lady Liberty stand?

5. How did Saint-Gaudens meet White?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was Elihu Washburne? Why did he refuse to leave Paris in 1870 when troops began to descend on Paris?

2. What reasons did Augustus Saint-Gaudens give friends for not enlisting in the French military in 1870?

3. For what reasons did John Singer Sargent choose to make his home in Paris in 1874?

4. For what reason did the French decide to commission the statue, Liberty Lighting the World, to make as a gift to America?

5. Who was among some Americans who returned to Paris after many years to reflect on the impact the city had on their lives and careers?

6. What event took place in Paris in 1867 that brought Augustus Saint-Gaudens to Paris?

7. Why was Archbishop Darboy arrested and executed in 1871?

8. For what reason did General Louis Trochu refuse to allow people to leave Paris during his army's siege of the city?

9. What skill did Saint-Gaudens have that many of his fellow students often ask him to share with the class?

10. What was Augustus Saint-Gaudens' relationship to Davida Clark?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss in an essay one of the following, describing the location both as it appeared to the American travelers in the 1830s as well as some of its history and its modern day existence:

1) Palais Royale

2) Louvre

3) Garden of the Tuileries

4) Bourse.

Essay Topic 2

Who helped Empress Eugenie escape Paris as France became a republic? For what reason did this person help the Empress? What might have happened to the Empress without the aid of this person? In what other ways did Americans impact Paris during this political upheaval? For what reason? How might history have been written differently without the aid of these Americans?

Essay Topic 3

What is cholera? Why was it believed that it would never appear in a civilized city? How did people react when a cholera outbreak began in Paris in 1832? How did cholera affect its victims? What was the prognosis of a patient with cholera in 1832? What did Americans know of cholera? Why was it believed in the 1830s that cholera was a disease of the poor? Why did people believe that the government was actively poisoning the poor during the initial outbreak? How did Americans respond to this crisis?

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