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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. For what reason did Healy travel to Germany in 1876?
(a) To attend a new art class.
(b) To visit friends.
(c) To paint Otto von Bismarck.
(d) To paint a landscape.

2. What was Vernon Lee's real name?
(a) Virginia Lee.
(b) Violet Parker.
(c) Virginia Lester.
(d) Violet Paget.

3. What was Vernon Lee's profession?
(a) Novelist and essayist.
(b) Artist.
(c) Psychologist.
(d) Art critic.

4. What group of artists did Mary Cassatt embrace in 1875?
(a) Abstract.
(b) Impressionists.
(c) Portraitures.
(d) Landscapes.

5. Who commonly wore cameos during the time in which Saint-Gaudens was an apprentice in the art of cutting cameos?
(a) Actors.
(b) Artists.
(c) Women.
(d) Men.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why did Washburne move to Paris in 1870?

2. Who descended on the Moulton Estate on May 9, 1871?

3. What was the quickest killer of those locked in Paris during the siege?

4. Who was among the artists that John Singer Sargent admired?

5. What episode seems to have created some discord in Saint-Gaudens marriage in 1889?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is significant about the arrival of Isadora Duncan in Paris in 1901?

2. For what reason did General Louis Trochu refuse to allow people to leave Paris during his army's siege of the city?

3. What was the Paris Commune? How was it connected to communism?

4. What is the Farragut? Who does it portray?

5. What type of paintings did John Singer Sargent paint most often?

6. What skill did Saint-Gaudens have that many of his fellow students often ask him to share with the class?

7. What reasons did Augustus Saint-Gaudens give friends for not enlisting in the French military in 1870?

8. What is considered Augustus Saint-Gaudens' greatest monument?

9. Who was Augusta Homer? Why did she live in Rome? Who did she meet there?

10. Who was among some Americans who returned to Paris after many years to reflect on the impact the city had on their lives and careers?

(see the answer keys)

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