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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was Oliver Wendell Holmes?

2. What fashion among male Parisians did John Sanderson criticize during his time in Paris?

3. What did Charles Sumner find surprising about the Sorbonne?

4. Who does the author mention suffered terrible seasickness on his journey to Paris?

5. Why did Charles Sumner climb the four hundred steps to the top of Notre Dame?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who taught Samuel Morse to paint? What career would his parents have preferred he pursued?

2. Who was president of France in the 1850s? How was he received by American diplomats?

3. What were some of Mason Warren's complaints about the behavior of the doctors under whom he trained in Paris?

4. How did many of the Americans who arrived in Paris in the 1830s feel about the stringent laws regarding passports?

5. In Morse's disappointment with his art career, what project did he turn his attention to? How did this project change the way people communicated at the time?

6. What changes did Louis Napoleon immediately set out to create? For what purpose?

7. What kind of careers would most of the American doctors who trained in Paris have?

8. What shift in the types of Americans coming to Paris took place in the late 1840s?

9. What aspect of living in Paris did many ladies from America appreciate the most?

10. What form of travel did most Americans discover was necessary in order to see many of the sights of Paris?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Why was the Eiffel Tower created? What was its purpose? What was significant about it at the time of its creation? Why did the people of Paris decide not to tear the structure down after it had served its purpose? What is the significance of this structure in modern times? Why did mathematicians during the months in which the Eiffel Tower was being constructed suggest the tower would never stand for long? What was the reaction of some critics to the appearance of the tower? Why is the tower called Eiffel?

Essay Topic 2

Who was Elihu Washburne? What was his role in Paris? Why did Washburne not flee Paris along with other Americans before the Siege of Paris? How did Washburne help many Germans return to their country during the war? For what reason? How did Washburne arrange for the evacuation of many Americans from Paris in the days before the Siege of Paris began? How did the Siege of Paris impact Washburne's political career?

Essay Topic 3

What was the political atmosphere like in Paris in the 1830s? What did the traveling Americans know about Paris before they arrived there? How did the stories of Paris compare to the reality of Paris for many of these American travelers? What are some of the adjectives these American travelers used in describing Paris upon first sight? Why did some dislike Paris so much so that they moved on to other destinations? Why did other fall in love with Paris almost from the first moments?

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