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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to the author in Chapter 20, investigators today believe that in the United States, the 1918-1919 flu epidemic caused an excess death toll of about how many people?

2. How many people died in Philadelphia on October 1, 1918?

3. Near what town was Camp Custer located in the fall of 1918?

4. The author states in Chapter 17 that there were no high schools in all of South Philadelphia until what year?

5. Where was Camp Pike located at the time of the pandemic?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why were the U.S. newspapers not reporting widely on the pandemic of 1918?

2. How did the Council of National Defense become involved in the Philadelphia outbreak?

3. What were the informational aspects of the pandemic that that scientists sought to discover, according to the author in Chapter 22?

4. Who was Wilmer Krusen and what decision did he make that was crucial to the spread of the virus?

5. What does the term "cyanotic" refer to and how does it relate to the 1918 flu?

6. What were the results of Dr. W. R. Redden's serum trial?

7. What happened to the soldiers that Colonel Charles Hagadorn had transported from Camp Grant to Camp Hancock?

8. How did the 1918 flu affect the human lungs?

9. What does "the grippe" refer to?

10. What did the outfall of the Liberty Loan Parade look like?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe and discuss the symptoms and effects of the 1918 flu. How quickly did one get sick from the disease? What were the first symptoms? How did the disease progress in the body? What organs were affected the most?

Essay Topic 2

Describe and discuss the life and career of William Henry Welch. Why does the author regard Welch as an influential pioneer? What was Welch's role during the 1918 flu pandemic? For what is he most known?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the 1918 flu pandemic in comparison with another outbreak of disease in the past 100 years (AIDS, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.). How are they similar? How are they different? What aspects of each outbreak stands out?

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