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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who gave the word "'paradigm' wide usage by arguing that at any given point in time, a particular paradigm, a kind of perceived truth, dominates the thinking in any science" (24)?
(a) Daniel Coit Gilman.
(b) Elias Canetti.
(c) Thomas Kuhn.
(d) Samuel Tilden.

2. How many people were killed in the Johnstown flood of 1889?
(a) 3,200.
(b) 2,500.
(c) 1,400.
(d) 500.

3. When did Germany announce unrestricted submarine warfare against neutral and merchant vessels during WWI?
(a) January 31, 1917.
(b) September 1, 1927.
(c) June 23, 1917.
(d) March 12, 1919.

4. Who was the civilian surgeon general and head of the U.S. Public Health Service when the U.S. entered WWI?
(a) William Jennings Bryan.
(b) Rupert Blue.
(c) Albert Sidney Burleson.
(d) Peyton Rous.

5. Who was named head of the Committee on Public Information when it was formed?
(a) William Jennings Bryan.
(b) Albert Sidney Burleson.
(c) George Creel.
(d) Peyton Rous.

6. Who founded the American Red Cross?
(a) Peyton Rous.
(b) Clara Barton.
(c) William Jennings Bryan.
(d) Albert Sidney Burleson.

7. Where were the first cases of the 1918 flu discovered in the U.S.?
(a) Arkansas.
(b) Texas.
(c) Tennessee.
(d) Kansas.

8. Who was the president of the Johns Hopkins University when it was established?
(a) Daniel Coit Gilman.
(b) Elias Canetti.
(c) Samuel Tilden.
(d) William Budd.

9. When did Rudolf Virchow receive his medical degree?
(a) 1843.
(b) 1866.
(c) 1872.
(d) 1894.

10. What was sauerkraut renamed in the U.S. during WWI?
(a) Mixed greens.
(b) Cabbage salad.
(c) Liberty cabbage.
(d) Liberty leaves.

11. When did Harvard create the first laboratory of experimental medicine at any American university?
(a) 1876.
(b) 1871.
(c) 1902.
(d) 1899.

12. Between June 1 and August 1, 1918, how many British soldiers in France were hit hard enough by the 1918 flu that they could not report to duty?
(a) 200,825.
(b) 342,003.
(c) 109,534.
(d) 674,120.

13. Roughly how many nurses were serving in the U.S. military by May of 1918?
(a) 40,000.
(b) 10,000.
(c) 23,000.
(d) 16,000.

14. What was the most serious disease that threatened the construction of the Panama Canal?
(a) Typhoid fever.
(b) Pneumonia.
(c) Yellow fever.
(d) Malaria.

15. Who won the popular vote against Rutherford B. Hayes, but never took office?
(a) Daniel Coit Gilman.
(b) Samuel Tilden.
(c) William Budd.
(d) Elias Canetti.

Short Answer Questions

1. On what date was the launching of the John Hopkins University?

2. When did Johns Hopkins die?

3. Where did Franklin Mall earn his medical degree?

4. Who in the 1500s declared that he would investigate nature "not by following that which those of old taught, but by our own observation of nature confirmed by ... experiment and by reasoning thereon" (27)?

5. Who was the Surgeon General of the Army when the U.S. entered WWI?

(see the answer keys)

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