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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was the first scientist to formulate the modern germ theory?
(a) Jacob Henle.
(b) Elias Canetti.
(c) Samuel Tilden.
(d) Daniel Coit Gilman.

2. What was the arsenic compound developed by Paul Ehrlich called that could cure syphilis patients?
(a) Abutron.
(b) Codeine.
(c) Salversan.
(d) Arsenic.

3. Who was the Nobel laureate that pioneered the surgical reattachment of limbs and organ transpantation in 1912?
(a) Peyton Rous.
(b) Alexis Carrel.
(c) Rupert Blue.
(d) William Jennings Bryan.

4. Who was the Postmaster General at the time the U.S. entered WWI?
(a) William Jennings Bryan.
(b) Peyton Rous.
(c) Albert Sidney Burleson.
(d) Martin Behrman.

5. What was the most serious disease that threatened the construction of the Panama Canal?
(a) Malaria.
(b) Yellow fever.
(c) Pneumonia.
(d) Typhoid fever.

6. When did a German submarine sink the Lusitania?
(a) 1917.
(b) 1916.
(c) 1915.
(d) 1919.

7. Who won the popular vote against Rutherford B. Hayes, but never took office?
(a) Elias Canetti.
(b) William Budd.
(c) Samuel Tilden.
(d) Daniel Coit Gilman.

8. Who developed a method still in use that led to the first blood banks being established at the front in 1917?
(a) Peyton Rous.
(b) Martin Behrman.
(c) William Jennings Bryan.
(d) Alexis Carrel.

9. How old did William Henry Welch turn in 1930?
(a) 62.
(b) 80.
(c) 75.
(d) 91.

10. Who was the president of the Johns Hopkins University when it was established?
(a) Samuel Tilden.
(b) William Budd.
(c) Elias Canetti.
(d) Daniel Coit Gilman.

11. Of what German mentor did William Henry Welch say he was "my ideal of a scientific man, accepting nothing upon authority, but putting every scientific theory to the severest test" (51)?
(a) Elias Canetti.
(b) Carl Ludwig.
(c) Daniel Coit Gilman.
(d) Samuel Tilden.

12. Who gave the word "'paradigm' wide usage by arguing that at any given point in time, a particular paradigm, a kind of perceived truth, dominates the thinking in any science" (24)?
(a) Thomas Kuhn.
(b) Samuel Tilden.
(c) Daniel Coit Gilman.
(d) Elias Canetti.

13. What were the four humours that were hypothesized by those who wrote the Hippocratic texts?
(a) Blood, bile, fever, and taste.
(b) Blood, phlegm, bile, and black bile.
(c) Phlegm, urine, sweat, and blood.
(d) Heat, coolness, love, and fear.

14. How many local chapters were there in the American Red Cross when World War I ended?
(a) 3,864.
(b) 1,745.
(c) 2,534.
(d) 3,677.

15. What is the lowest estimate of the death toll from the Spanish Flu, according to the author in the Prologue?
(a) 10 million.
(b) 12. million.
(c) 21 million.
(d) 6 million.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who founded the American Red Cross?

2. When did Robert Koch discover the tubercle bacillus?

3. What was sauerkraut renamed in the U.S. during WWI?

4. When did Pasteur prove that living organisms caused fermentation?

5. In the late nineteenth century, there were 7,000 engineers according to the author. How many were there just after World War I?

(see the answer keys)

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