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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What question does religion and philosophy ask that science does not, because it is too deep a question for science?

2. In the Boer War from 1899 to 1902, how many British troops died for each combat-related death?

3. Who was the Surgeon General of the Army when the U.S. entered WWI?

4. According to the author in Chapter 12, pneumonia maintained its position as the leading cause of death in the United States until what year?

5. When did Johns Hopkins die?

Short Essay Questions

1. What aspects of military operations made the 1918 flu more likely to spread?

2. Describe the narrative style of the Prologue. From what perspective is it related?

3. When was Johns Hopkins University founded? Why was it important?

4. Who was Oswald Avery and what is he most known for?

5. Describe William Henry Welch's medical education.

6. What are the estimated death toll number from the 1918 flu pandemic?

7. Who was Xavier Bichat and for what was he most known?

8. Where is the 1918 flu pandemic believed to have originated? How did it originate?

9. How does pneumonia kill humans?

10. Who was Galen and what were his accomplishments?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the transformation of the American medical educational system in the late 1800s. How did the changes come about? Who was responsible for revamping the U.S. medical educational system? What achievements were made in this time?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the life and career of Rufus Cole. Where was Rufus Cole working when the flu pandemic broke out? What were his responsibilities in relation to the outbreak? What were his achievements?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the use of masks as preventative measures for spreading the 1918 flu pandemic. When and where were these measures introduced? How effective were they? Were the measures implemented among the public?

(see the answer keys)

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