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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did the battle of Cannae take place?

2. How long did those who serve in the military have to enlist for in periods of great danger?

3. Why did ancient historians make their work entertaining and dramatic?

4. How much food did Hannibal's army have before the Battle of Cannae?

5. What was unique about the tablet Polybius studied?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did military tribunes do for the first time in history according to Chapter 2?

2. What did Romans discover they needed to learn?

3. What thrived in Carthage?

4. What did Aristotle say about the Carthaginian government?

5. What was Carthage's reputation?

6. What important survivor remained after the Battle at Cannae according to Chapter 1?

7. What gave Polybius access to research material?

8. How was Hannibal prepared for battle according to Chapter 3?

9. Why did O'Connell address the history of gladiators?

10. How did some rise in military ranks?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Examine the role that the senate played in Scipio's leadership and directives.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss Hannibal's background and leadership and compare his strategies to that of Alexander the Great.

Essay Topic 3

Examine the importance of allies for both the Romans and the Carthaginians.

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