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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who settled Carthage?
(a) Louisa.
(b) Maria.
(c) Roberta.
(d) Elissa.

2. When was Polybius brought to Rome?
(a) 147 B.C.
(b) 157 B.C.
(c) 177 B.C.
(d) 167 B.C.

3. How many books by Titus Livius survive today?
(a) 32.
(b) 15.
(c) 52.
(d) 49.

4. What did the military tribune do to the Roman soldiers for the first time in history?
(a) Promise them freedom.
(b) Give them money to fight.
(c) Order them to retreat.
(d) Swore an oath of allegiance.

5. What were gladiators originally meant for?
(a) Entertainment.
(b) As a way to settle disputes.
(c) As a way to kill Christians.
(d) Close combat training.

6. Why did ancient historians make their work entertaining and dramatic?
(a) To be used a a recruiting tool.
(b) To children could read it.
(c) So it could be shared with illiterates.
(d) So it was interesting for school children.

7. Why are historians incapable of pinpointing the site of the battle of Cannae?
(a) Rivers and construction efforts changed the landscape.
(b) No location indications are given in the texts.
(c) Maps of the area were lost.
(d) The river dried out.

8. How many Romans died at Cannae?
(a) 148,000.
(b) 38,000.
(c) 48,000.
(d) 58,000.

9. How much of the Roman senate was in the army going to Cannae?
(a) All of it.
(b) Half.
(c) A quarter to a third.
(d) None.

10. How long did those who serve in the infantry have to enlist for?
(a) 19.
(b) 23.
(c) 6.
(d) 16.

11. When did the battle of Cannae take place?
(a) August 2, 226 B.C.
(b) August 2, 216 B.C.
(c) August 2, 206 B.C.
(d) August 2, 236 B.C.

12. What did archeological finds show about Carthage?
(a) Infanticide was practiced regularly.
(b) It was a matriarchy.
(c) It used mercenaries.
(d) It practiced human sacrifice.

13. What was the first sign of an invasion at Cannae according to Chapter 2?
(a) Advanced scouts.
(b) A dust cloud.
(c) Music.
(d) Food supplies arriving 24 hours before the Roman main army.

14. What did Carthage focus on?
(a) Mercenaries.
(b) Policing.
(c) Teaching.
(d) War.

15. How long did those who serve in the military have to enlist for in periods of great danger?
(a) 30 years.
(b) 15 years.
(c) 25 years.
(d) 20 years.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did the Romans do after something failed?

2. What was Polybius of Megalopolis' goal?

3. How many books did Titus Livius write?

4. How many of Titus Livius's surviving books are about Cannae?

5. How did Carthage deal with failure?

(see the answer keys)

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