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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the tablet Polybius studied made of?
(a) Iron.
(b) Bronze.
(c) Stone.
(d) Steel.

2. What was the common Roman tactic to overpower their enemies?
(a) Knocked them on the ground with their shield and killed them with their sword.
(b) Charged sword first.
(c) Encircle them quickly and charge toward the inside to kill them all.
(d) Wait for the cavalery to break the rank and them attack with swords.

3. How many books did Titus Livius write?
(a) 152.
(b) 162.
(c) 172.
(d) 142.

4. How many books by Titus Livius survive today?
(a) 32.
(b) 49.
(c) 52.
(d) 15.

5. How did Carthage usually deal with military problems that arose?
(a) By hiring mercenaries.
(b) By closing the city and playing dead.
(c) By bribing the attackers.
(d) By turning to Rome for protection.

Short Answer Questions

1. How long did those who serve in the military have to enlist for in periods of great danger?

2. What were Carthaginians using in battle?

3. How many Roman ships were destroyed by a storm according to Polybius?

4. When was Hannibal in Carthage last?

5. What was Polybius of Megalopolis' goal?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was Hannibal prepared for battle according to Chapter 3?

2. What gave Polybius access to research material?

3. Why did O'Connell address the history of gladiators?

4. What did the author compare the Punic War to?

5. What were young men trained to do even before entering the military?

6. What did military tribunes do for the first time in history according to Chapter 2?

7. What thrived in Carthage?

8. Who was Fabius Pictor?

9. What did Aristotle say about the Carthaginian government?

10. What did the Roman soldiers likely have difficulty with at Cannae?

(see the answer keys)

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