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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Where was Polybius of Megalopolis at the start of Chapter 1?
(a) Crossing the Swiss Alps.
(b) Crossing the FrenchAlps.
(c) Crossing the Italian Alps.
(d) Crossing the German Alps.

2. How many Romans died at Cannae?
(a) 148,000.
(b) 58,000.
(c) 38,000.
(d) 48,000.

3. What was the first sign of an invasion at Cannae according to Chapter 2?
(a) Advanced scouts.
(b) Food supplies arriving 24 hours before the Roman main army.
(c) A dust cloud.
(d) Music.

4. What did the military tribune do to the Roman soldiers for the first time in history?
(a) Order them to retreat.
(b) Give them money to fight.
(c) Promise them freedom.
(d) Swore an oath of allegiance.

5. How was Carthage's reputation with other nations?
(a) As an enlightened nation.
(b) Not very good.
(c) As a thief nation.
(d) As a fanatic nation.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Hannibal likely not understand as he rose against Rome?

2. Why was Polybius brought to Rome?

3. What was Polybius of Megalopolis' goal?

4. How did Carthage deal with failure?

5. What was there little of in Carthage?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the Roman soldiers likely have difficulty with at Cannae?

2. How did religion come into play?

3. Who was Fabius Pictor?

4. What did Aristotle say about the Carthaginian government?

5. What were the three assembled bodies?

6. Who was Titius Livius?

7. What did Polybius examine when he hiked through the Alps?

8. What did Romans discover they needed to learn?

9. What gave Polybius access to research material?

10. What was Carthage's reputation?

(see the answer keys)

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