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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are examples of social indicators?

2. What happens to old values during the First Turning according to the authors?

3. What comprises the First Turning according to the authors?

4. What comprises the Fourth Turning according to the authors?

5. How often does each saeculum in the United States last?

Short Essay Questions

1. According to the authors, what happens differently from the Third Turning now in the Fourth Turning?

2. According to the authors, why are Thomas Jefferson and Ronald Reagan considered heroes?

3. What role do the authors say the Baby Boomer Generation played in the massive changes of the 1960-70s?

4. As the authors present information, how can a 'gray champion' bring the Fourth Turning to a climax?

5. What is the general cycle of life as presented in Chapter 3, Seasons of Life?

6. As the authors present the information, why are 'seasons' across and within generations?

7. According to the authors, which archetype creates the most problems during the Fourth Turning?

8. Why do the authors say present-day Americans have an image of America's First Turning as a 'high'?

9. What do First Turnings throughout history represent, according to the authors?

10. Why is a Second Turning called an 'awakening'?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast two turnings. What do their differences and similarities say about the concept of turnings?

Essay Topic 2

Is the ending of this book satisfactory to the reader? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

Do the authors prove that cycles are circular in a "perfect and unbreakable repetition"? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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