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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What materials were formed during the period of the big bang known as the "primordial nucleosynthesis"?
(a) Neutrons.
(b) Anti-matter particles.
(c) Hydrogen and helium nuclei.
(d) Up, down, top, and bottom quarks.

2. Which of the following best describes the fate of Kaluza-Klein theory?
(a) It became widespread for a short time, but receives almost no attention now.
(b) It became the mathematical basis of general relativity.
(c) It was quickly discarded as meaningless, but rediscovered by string theory.
(d) It was updated through the 1970s, and eventually incorporated into string theory.

3. How many dimensions are necessitated by M-theory?
(a) Nine.
(b) Eleven.
(c) Ten.
(d) Eight.

4. In ratios of what number do winding energies come?
(a) Any whole number.
(b) Two.
(c) Ten.
(d) Six.

5. How does the number of extra "curled up" dimensions affect the vibration of strings?
(a) More dimensions require more energy for the same vibrational pattern.
(b) String vibration is not affected by additional dimensions.
(c) More dimensions allow for string with length in more than one direction.
(d) More dimensions provide more ways to vibrate.

Short Answer Questions

1. The number of family groups corresponds to a feature of the Calabi-Yau shape. What is this feature?

2. Which of the following is true regarding experimental evidence for super particles?

3. Which of the following is true regarding our current knowledge of the Calabi-Yau space?

4. What did Stephen Hawking prove regarding black holes?

5. What property does an external black hole have?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relative composition of matter in the universe?

2. What is mirror symmetry, and what is its relevance to string theory?

3. What is the strong-weak duality?

4. Describe the big bang according to string theory.

5. Describe the nature and importance of the procedure discovered by Yau and Tian.

6. What is a virtual string pair, and how is it formed?

7. Describe the difficulties in studying the entropy of a black hole.

8. Describe Kaluza-Klein theory.

9. Greene suggests that black holes are very similar to, and might in fact be, elementary particles. What evidence supports this suggestion?

10. In the context of the big bang, what is symmetry breaking?

(see the answer keys)

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