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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The extra dimension or dimensions in M-theory are needed in order to incorporate _____.
(a) Electroweak duality.
(b) Unwound Calabi-Yau spaces.
(c) Electromagnetism.
(d) Supergravity.

2. About how long did the "primordial synthesis" stage of the big bang last?
(a) Three minutes.
(b) Four seconds.
(c) Two years.
(d) One picosecond.

3. Who posited the existence of M-theory?
(a) Witten.
(b) Greene.
(c) Brandenberger.
(d) Plesser.

4. What distinction does dark matter have?
(a) It exists in curled-up dimensions.
(b) It is composed of anti-matter.
(c) It does not give off light.
(d) It can spontaneously form black holes.

5. According to string theory, which of the following cannot occur during the collapse of the universe?
(a) It cannot exert gravitational pull greater than the Planck tension.
(b) It cannot lose energy.
(c) It cannot be reduced to a size smaller than the Planck length.
(d) It cannot collapse into one of the extra dimensions.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many family groups are the elementary particles divided into?

2. What does the string coupling constant govern?

3. Which of the following is true regarding experimental evidence for super particles?

4. What property of both black holes and elementary particles is still unknown?

5. How are black holes are widely believed to have originated?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Morrison and Greene discover together, and why is it important?

2. How is the shape of the Calabi-Yau space is determined?

3. What is the strong-weak duality?

4. Describe Kaluza-Klein theory.

5. Describe the state of the universe's expansion, including what its ultimate fate might be.

6. What is the relationship between the elementary particles and the Calabi-Yau space?

7. Describe the difficulties in studying the entropy of a black hole.

8. In the context of the big bang, what is symmetry breaking?

9. How are strings affected by extra dimensions?

10. Describe the entire process of a conifold transition.

(see the answer keys)

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