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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the importance of the string-coupling constant?
(a) It could invalidate the perturbation method.
(b) It is crucial in estimating the amount of dark energy in the universe.
(c) If discovered, it could validate string theory as a whole.
(d) It determines the energy released during a string's collapse.

2. Who first proposed the existence of extra dimensions?
(a) Maxwell.
(b) Kaluza.
(c) Einstein.
(d) Hawking.

3. How many family groups are the elementary particles divided into?
(a) Five.
(b) Two.
(c) Three.
(d) Four.

4. How many dimensions are necessitated by M-theory?
(a) Nine.
(b) Eight.
(c) Eleven.
(d) Ten.

5. According to modern physics, which of the following may cease to exist at the center of a black hole?
(a) Time.
(b) Space.
(c) Energy.
(d) Strings.

Short Answer Questions

1. About how long after the big bang were stars formed?

2. Which of the following is true regarding the force of gravity in string theory?

3. In M-theory, what is a two-dimensional oscillating object is called?

4. What does the second law of thermodynamics state about entropy for a closed system?

5. As a string becomes wrapped, which of its properties increases?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the phenomenon of winding in string theory.

2. What is mirror symmetry, and what is its relevance to string theory?

3. Describe the nature and importance of the procedure discovered by Yau and Tian.

4. What is the relative composition of matter in the universe?

5. What is the major problem preventing string theory from gaining widespread acceptance, and why does this problem persist?

6. What did Morrison and Greene discover together, and why is it important?

7. Describe the big bang according to string theory.

8. Describe the history of space-time tears in physics.

9. What is the horizon problem in cosmology? How was it resolved?

10. Describe the entire process of a conifold transition.

(see the answer keys)

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