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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the follow best describes a boson?
(a) The super-partner of a proton.
(b) The supersymmetric version of a proton.
(c) A particle of energy, a messenger particle for a force.
(d) A particle of matter.

2. What would an outside observer notice about an object moving near the speed of light?
(a) It would not be observable under any circumstances.
(b) It would appear to move slower near a gravitational field.
(c) It would be shorted in the direction of its movement.
(d) It would appear vastly larger than it would at rest.

3. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, if two objects have a gravitational pull on one another, and one changes its mass or distance from the other, how quickly does the effect of this change travel to the other object?
(a) Instantaneously.
(b) At exactly the speed of light.
(c) Near the speed of light, faster for more massive objects.
(d) Near the speed of light, faster for lighter objects.

4. How are the amplitude of a string's vibration and the mass of the particle it represents related?
(a) Amplitude and mass are not related.
(b) If there is a non-zero amplitude, the particle is massless.
(c) The higher the amplitude, the less massive the particle.
(d) The higher the amplitude, the more massive the particle.

5. According to general relativity, the change that an object causes in the fabric of space-time depends directly on _____.
(a) Its density.
(b) Its mass.
(c) Its proximity to another massive body.
(d) Its direction compared to the observer.

6. Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an atom?
(a) A single nucleus composed of both electrons and protons.
(b) A cloud of neutrons orbiting a nucleus of other particles.
(c) A cloud of protons, each with an electron orbiting it.
(d) A cloud of electrons orbiting a dense nucleus.

7. What property did the double-slit experiment demonstrate that light has?
(a) It behaves as a wave.
(b) It has an infinite number of possible frequencies.
(c) It has a finite energy level at all frequencies.
(d) It can be bent by gravity fields.

8. What are the vibrational patterns that a string can exhibit called?
(a) Notes.
(b) Resonances.
(c) Harmonics.
(d) Chords.

9. Which of the following qualities must a physical law have in order to be considered symmetric?
(a) It does not depend on where or when it is applied.
(b) It is valid for both matter and anti-matter.
(c) It works regardless of the spin of the particles involved.
(d) It is valid for both matter and energy.

10. Which of the following is a correct statement, based on the theory of special relativity?
(a) Time is always the same to all observers, but space is not.
(b) Movement can only be measured relative to very massive objects, such as stars.
(c) Energy only exists relative to mass.
(d) Time and space are not experienced exactly the same by all observers

11. How are the wavelength of a string's vibration and the mass of the particle it represents related?
(a) Wavelength and mass are not related.
(b) The longer the wavelength, the less massive the particle.
(c) The longer the wavelength, the more massive the particle.
(d) If there is a wavelength above the Planck length, the particle is massless.

12. In 1968 it was discovered that protons and neutrons are composed of which type of particle?
(a) Quarks.
(b) Muons.
(c) Neutrinos.
(d) Baryons.

13. What is the shape of all particles, at the smallest possible level, according to string theory?
(a) An infinitely long string.
(b) A one-dimension loop.
(c) A thread of thin strings.
(d) A tangled ball of thin filament.

14. Who discovered the theory of general relativity?
(a) Max Planck.
(b) Isaac Newton.
(c) Albert Einstein.
(d) Richard Feynman.

15. Which of the following did Einstein considered time?
(a) A fourth dimension, alongside the three spatial dimensions.
(b) A three-dimensional field.
(c) A physical substance, composed of particles.
(d) The fifth fundamental force of the universe.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the Planck tension?

2. Which of the following is true regarding experimental confirmation of string theory?

3. What is the fundamental force responsible for keeping the nucleus of an atom "glued" together?

4. Black holes are dense and massive cosmological bodies. What unique distinction do they have?

5. How can black holes be detected?

(see the answer keys)

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