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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who first proposed the existence of extra dimensions?
(a) Kaluza.
(b) Hawking.
(c) Maxwell.
(d) Einstein.

2. What distinction does dark matter have?
(a) It can spontaneously form black holes.
(b) It exists in curled-up dimensions.
(c) It does not give off light.
(d) It is composed of anti-matter.

3. According to the standard model of the big bang, which of the following is true of the four fundamental forces during the first moments of the universe?
(a) They were not uniform throughout space.
(b) They were divided into eight unidentified forces.
(c) They were all melded together.
(d) They were "evaporated" in the high temperature, and didn't interact with space-time.

4. The discovery of the tearing of space-time came from cooperation between experts in physics and _____.
(a) Astronomy.
(b) Engineering.
(c) Cosmology.
(d) Mathematics.

5. Which of the following will occur after the collapse of the universe as predicted by string theory?
(a) The universe will expand again.
(b) The universe will become a single black hole.
(c) The universe will cease to exist.
(d) The universe will be mirrored in another dimension.

6. Which one of the following do physicists believe occurs at the central point of a black hole?
(a) An infinite-time flop-transition occurs.
(b) A "white hole" is formed.
(c) Space-time is torn.
(d) Space-time becomes inverted.

7. When a black hole's entropy increases, which of its characteristics increases as well?
(a) Its electrical charge.
(b) Its nuclear-weak force charge.
(c) The surface area of its event horizon.
(d) Its spin.

8. Which of the following is one of the difficulties in observing super particles?
(a) They are too massive to be observed in a particle accelerator.
(b) They are incredibly rare, and pass through most matter.
(c) They do not interact with either matter or light.
(d) They are massless.

9. At what scale of length is quantum geometry necessitated?
(a) The Riemann scale.
(b) The Planck length.
(c) Nanometers.
(d) Cosmological scales.

10. Kaluza's theory suggested that electromagnetism was carried by ripples in _____.
(a) The "curled up" dimensions.
(b) The three normal space dimensions.
(c) The time-dimension only.
(d) All dimensions of both space and time.

11. Under string theory, which of the following is true regarding extra dimensions?
(a) They must all be time-dimensions.
(b) They must all be space-dimensions, or they must all be time-dimensions.
(c) Some or all of them might be time-dimensions.
(d) They must all be space-dimensions.

12. About how old is the universe?
(a) Two billion years.
(b) 950 billion years.
(c) 14 billion years.
(d) 300 billion years.

13. What is entropy a measure of?
(a) Heat and pressure.
(b) Disorder.
(c) The energy lost by a black hole.
(d) Energy lost over time.

14. What did Stephen Hawking prove regarding black holes?
(a) The emit radiation.
(b) They have electrical charge.
(c) Light cannot escape from them.
(d) They are the most massive objects in the universe.

15. Greene suggests that black holes may be elementary particles that have undergone _____.
(a) A phase transition.
(b) A mirror-symmetry folding.
(c) A space-tearing flop transition.
(d) A quantum fluctuation.

Short Answer Questions

1. As a string becomes wrapped, which of its properties increases?

2. The method of tearing space-time discovered by Greene and others is called _____.

3. Why can the objects predicted by string theory not be observed?

4. According to modern physics, which of the following may cease to exist at the center of a black hole?

5. Which of the following is true regarding the tearing of space-time according to string theory?

(see the answer keys)

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