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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following did Einstein considered time?
(a) A three-dimensional field.
(b) A physical substance, composed of particles.
(c) The fifth fundamental force of the universe.
(d) A fourth dimension, alongside the three spatial dimensions.

2. What is the result when a particle of matter and a particle of antimatter are brought into contact?
(a) A strange quark is formed.
(b) Energy is released and both particles are destroyed.
(c) A theoretically unlimited amount of energy is released.
(d) A black hole is formed.

3. Which of the following qualities must a physical law have in order to be considered symmetric?
(a) It is valid for both matter and energy.
(b) It is valid for both matter and anti-matter.
(c) It does not depend on where or when it is applied.
(d) It works regardless of the spin of the particles involved.

4. Which of the following is a correct statement, based on the theory of special relativity?
(a) Energy only exists relative to mass.
(b) Time and space are not experienced exactly the same by all observers
(c) Time is always the same to all observers, but space is not.
(d) Movement can only be measured relative to very massive objects, such as stars.

5. What is the fundamental force responsible for keeping the nucleus of an atom "glued" together?
(a) Quantum-tunneling force.
(b) The nuclear-strong force.
(c) Gravitational force.
(d) Potential electrical force.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the fundamental particle, the smallest possible bundle of energy, for the electromagnetic force?

2. In which particle was spin first discovered?

3. In 1968 it was discovered that protons and neutrons are composed of which type of particle?

4. What rule did Max Planck discover the electromagnetic waves bounded in a container, such as an oven, must follow?

5. What discovery about string theory triggered the "superstring revolution"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the messenger particles of the strong and weak force, and what function do they perform?

2. Describe the relationship between the vibration of a string and the particle it represents, including the particle's mass and the tension, wavelength, and amplitude of the string.

3. Describe a black hole, including some of its physical properties and methods by which it can be detected.

4. What is supersymmetry and what is its importance in string theory?

5. What are strings composed of?

6. What are super-partners?

7. Describe and explain the results of the two-slit experiment.

8. Describe the "equivalence principle", which relates acceleration and gravitational force.

9. State Newton's law of gravity.

10. Describe the symmetry between the electromagnetism and the weak force that is predicted by quantum electroweak theory.

(see the answer keys)

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