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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following qualities must a physical law have in order to be considered symmetric?
(a) It is valid for both matter and anti-matter.
(b) It is valid for both matter and energy.
(c) It works regardless of the spin of the particles involved.
(d) It does not depend on where or when it is applied.

2. In the 1800s, James Clerk Maxwell used a new mathematical framework to unite _____.
(a) Nuclear forces and gravity.
(b) Magnetism and light.
(c) Magnetism and gravity.
(d) Electricity and magnetism.

3. Which of the following did Einstein considered time?
(a) A three-dimensional field.
(b) A physical substance, composed of particles.
(c) The fifth fundamental force of the universe.
(d) A fourth dimension, alongside the three spatial dimensions.

4. Which of the follow is true of objects with which string theory is concerned?
(a) They are all really Calabi-Yau shapes.
(b) It concerns one-dimensional strings and nothing else.
(c) They include strings and other objects as well.
(d) The objects are purely imaginary.

5. Which of the following is not one of the four fundamental forces of the universe?
(a) Gravity.
(b) The photoelectric force.
(c) The electromagnetic force.
(d) The nuclear-weak force.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is different about a particle of antimatter, compared to its normal counterpart?

2. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, if two objects have a gravitational pull on one another, and one changes its mass or distance from the other, how quickly does the effect of this change travel to the other object?

3. How are the wavelength of a string's vibration and the mass of the particle it represents related?

4. According to general relativity, the change that an object causes in the fabric of space-time depends directly on _____.

5. General relativity is incompatible with _____.

Short Essay Questions

1. What are strings composed of?

2. How many string theories are there and how did there come to be multiple theories?

3. According to Einstein's theory for the photoelectric effect, what is the relationship between the frequency of light and the electrons ejected by the metal?

4. In physics, what is symmetry?

5. Referring to the experiment described in question Short Essay #6, what would the three observers see according to the theory of special relativity?

6. State Newton's law of gravity.

7. Describe the "equivalence principle", which relates acceleration and gravitational force.

8. Suppose that two objects are exerting a gravitational pull on each other, when one suddenly moves a large distance further away from the other object. Describe the impact of this event according to general relativity.

9. Describe some of the problems with uniting quantum mechanics and general relativity.

10. Describe the structure of an atom.

(see the answer keys)

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