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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How are the wavelength of a string's vibration and the mass of the particle it represents related?
(a) The longer the wavelength, the more massive the particle.
(b) If there is a wavelength above the Planck length, the particle is massless.
(c) The longer the wavelength, the less massive the particle.
(d) Wavelength and mass are not related.

2. Richard Feynman's "sum over paths" theory states that in the double-slit experiment, an electron behaves in what way?
(a) It follows a unique path every time.
(b) It follows all possible paths at the same time.
(c) The sum of all possible frequencies describes the frequency of the final path taken.
(d) It follows the same path every time.

3. What characteristic did Werner Heisenberg discovered that some features of the universe at very small scales, and some properties of particle?
(a) They are dependant on the velocity of the object being studied.
(b) They always increase or decrease by certain increments.
(c) They cannot be known with complete precision.
(d) They can change spontaneously, with no external influence.

4. The smallest possible unit of energy is referred to as _____.
(a) A muon.
(b) A quantum.
(c) A quark.
(d) A photon.

5. What is the shape of all particles, at the smallest possible level, according to string theory?
(a) A tangled ball of thin filament.
(b) An infinitely long string.
(c) A one-dimension loop.
(d) A thread of thin strings.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the vibrational patterns that a string can exhibit called?

2. Two theories form the basis of modern physics, but are incompatible with one another. String theory attempts to reconcile these fields. What are these two theories?

3. According to Newton's theory of gravity, if two objects have a gravitational pull on one another, and one changes its mass or distance from the other, how quickly does the effect of this change travel to the other object?

4. What characteristic of the string determines the properties of the particle it represents?

5. Who discovered the theory of general relativity?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe and explain the results of the two-slit experiment.

2. Describe a black hole, including some of its physical properties and methods by which it can be detected.

3. Referring to the experiment described in question Short Essay #6, what would the three observers see according to the theory of special relativity?

4. Describe Max Planck's solution to the infinite-energy problem.

5. Describe the nature and origin of quantum foam.

6. Describe the basic principles of string theory.

7. What is the relationship between light, electricity, and magnetism?

8. Suppose that two objects are exerting a gravitational pull on each other, when one suddenly moves a large distance further away from the other object. Describe the impact of this event according to general relativity.

9. List the four fundamental forces of the universe, their functions, and describe where and at what scales they are most commonly observed.

10. Describe the relationship between the vibration of a string and the particle it represents, including the particle's mass and the tension, wavelength, and amplitude of the string.

(see the answer keys)

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