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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the photoelectric effect?
(a) Electrons and photons only interact if they have the same frequency.
(b) Electrons follow quantum paths made by photons.
(c) When light shines on metals, the metals emit electrons.
(d) Photons can spontaneously decay into electrons in powerful magnetic fields.

2. Which of the follow best describes a boson?
(a) The super-partner of a proton.
(b) A particle of matter.
(c) The supersymmetric version of a proton.
(d) A particle of energy, a messenger particle for a force.

3. Einstein's equation, E=mc^2, states that which of the following are equivalent?
(a) Energy and light.
(b) Energy and mass.
(c) Light and magnetism.
(d) Electricity and magnetism.

4. How are the amplitude of a string's vibration and the mass of the particle it represents related?
(a) The higher the amplitude, the more massive the particle.
(b) If there is a non-zero amplitude, the particle is massless.
(c) Amplitude and mass are not related.
(d) The higher the amplitude, the less massive the particle.

5. Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an atom?
(a) A single nucleus composed of both electrons and protons.
(b) A cloud of protons, each with an electron orbiting it.
(c) A cloud of neutrons orbiting a nucleus of other particles.
(d) A cloud of electrons orbiting a dense nucleus.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who discovered the theory of general relativity?

2. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, if two objects have a gravitational pull on one another, and one changes its mass or distance from the other, how quickly does the effect of this change travel to the other object?

3. According to general relativity, which of the following is said to warp or bend space-time?

4. Which of the following is correct about the speed at which light moves?

5. What are the characteristics of a wave?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relationship between light, electricity, and magnetism?

2. List the four fundamental forces of the universe, their functions, and describe where and at what scales they are most commonly observed.

3. According to Einstein's theory for the photoelectric effect, what is the relationship between the frequency of light and the electrons ejected by the metal?

4. What is the relationship between wavelength, frequency, and a wave's minimum energy?

5. Describe the symmetry between the electromagnetism and the weak force that is predicted by quantum electroweak theory.

6. Describe Max Planck's solution to the infinite-energy problem.

7. Describe the relationship between the vibration of a string and the particle it represents, including the particle's mass and the tension, wavelength, and amplitude of the string.

8. What are some of the difficulties in confirming string theory experimentally?

9. What are strings composed of?

10. What are super-partners?

(see the answer keys)

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