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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is not one of the four fundamental forces of the universe?
(a) The photoelectric force.
(b) The electromagnetic force.
(c) Gravity.
(d) The nuclear-weak force.

2. What is the photoelectric effect?
(a) Electrons follow quantum paths made by photons.
(b) When light shines on metals, the metals emit electrons.
(c) Photons can spontaneously decay into electrons in powerful magnetic fields.
(d) Electrons and photons only interact if they have the same frequency.

3. In quantum mechanics, what is symmetry breaking?
(a) When two fused fundamental forces become separated out.
(b) The primary reason that the theory is incompatible with general relativity.
(c) When an asymmetrical matter and anti-matter pair is created.
(d) When the symmetry between a electrical and magnetic field is broken at high energy levels.

4. Edwin Hubble used Einstein's theories to show that the fabric of the universe _____.
(a) Is not static, it must either be shrinking or expanding.
(b) Is not flat, it is curved, either inwards or outwards.
(c) Is uniform in all places and times.
(d) Has a finite boundary.

5. What is different about a particle of antimatter, compared to its normal counterpart?
(a) Opposite electrical charge.
(b) Complementary spin.
(c) Zero mass.
(d) Negative mass.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to general relativity, all objects that have mass have what effect on space-time?

2. According to general relativity, the change that an object causes in the fabric of space-time depends directly on _____.

3. In Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2, what does "c" represent?

4. What characteristic of the string determines the properties of the particle it represents?

5. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, if two objects have a gravitational pull on one another, and one changes its mass or distance from the other, how quickly does the effect of this change travel to the other object?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some of the difficulties in confirming string theory experimentally?

2. Describe some of the problems with uniting quantum mechanics and general relativity.

3. State Newton's law of gravity.

4. What are super-partners?

5. Describe the "equivalence principle", which relates acceleration and gravitational force.

6. Describe and explain the results of the two-slit experiment.

7. Describe the nature and origin of quantum foam.

8. How does string theory reconcile quantum mechanics and the theory of general relativity?

9. What are the messenger particles of the strong and weak force, and what function do they perform?

10. How many string theories are there and how did there come to be multiple theories?

(see the answer keys)

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