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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many of Cicero's letters survived?

2. Who was it said was the father of Romulus in Chapter 2?

3. How far back might excavations under modern Rome over the last 100 years have unearthed?

4. When did marauding Gauls occupy Rome?

5. How far was the town where Cicero grew up from Rome?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was said about the corrupting influence on traditional Roman behavior and morals by foreign culture?

2. How did Romulus get women for his city according to Livy?

3. Who was Polybius?

4. How did the Republic begin according to Roman historians and to Beard?

5. What does SPQR stand for and mean?

6. How is the phrase "Quousque tandem" (50) from Cicero's speech regarding the conspiracy of Catiline used in modern times?

7. What was Rome like in 63 BCE?

8. Who were Catiline and Cicero?

9. How and why has the history of ancient Rome changed over the past 50 years?

10. In Chapter 1, what are some times that author states that Rome faced danger and defeat?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Roman writers claim that the city of Rome was ruled by kings for two and a half centuries. What is the regal period of Rome? What influence did it have on the Roman Republic and imperial Rome?

Essay Topic 2

Thousands of writings by Cicero are still available today. What information can be gleaned about ordinary people from Cicero’s writings? How would you describe the lives of ordinary people in Rome based on Cicero’s writings?

Essay Topic 3

After Gaius was assassinated, he was portrayed as a monster. What motives might Claudius, Gaius’s successor have had for portraying Gaius as a monster? Why is information about Gaius likely to be biased because it was disseminated by his successor?

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