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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did the North African ruler, Jugurtha, begin to extend his control among the Mediterranean coast of Africa?
(a) About 118 BCE.
(b) Around 210 BCE.
(c) 86 BCE.
(d) 94 BCE.

2. How many quotations from the poetry of Virgil were scrawled as graffiti on the walls of Pompeii?
(a) More than 50.
(b) 63.
(c) 47.
(d) About 40.

3. When did Rome successfully invade Britain?
(a) 49 CE.
(b) 39 CE.
(c) 43 CE.
(d) 46 CE.

4. How large did Tiberius propose that landing holdings be in 133 BCE?
(a) Roughly 120 hectares.
(b) About 115 hectares.
(c) 175 hectares.
(d) 200 hectares.

5. What was the approximate value of the property that Cicero owned in 45 BCE?
(a) 9 million sesterces.
(b) 17 million sesterces.
(c) 20 million sesterces.
(d) 13 million sesterces.

Short Answer Questions

1. How old was August when he died?

2. Near the location of what modern city was Carthage located?

3. When did Caesar's appointed heir, Gaius Octavious arrive in Rome?

4. In 45 BCE, about how many properties did Cicero own in Italy?

5. When was the Augustan regime said to have begun?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did emperors gain their fortunes?

2. What was Corinth and how was it defeated by the Romans?

3. How did Gibbon characterize emperors in his history?

4. What information did Cicero leave, and how has it helped provide insight into Roman history?

5. What property did Cicero own, and how wealthy was he?

6. How was Caesar assassinated?

7. How was Roman marriage a simple and private business?

8. Who was Caesar's heir?

9. Why did Cicero serve as a lawyer to prosecute Gaius Verres, and what was the outcome of the case?

10. Who was Pliny the Younger?

(see the answer keys)

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