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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What form of address came into general use in the late 18th century?

2. What was the most radical ideology initiated by the Revolution?

3. Who said that "Benevolence is the Cement and Support of . . . the Great Community of mankind"?

4. Before the revolution, what was labor associated with?

5. In the late 1760s, who dismissed people's right to participate in government if they didn't have a liberal arts education?

Short Essay Questions

1. What social conditions which normally precipitate a revolution were absent during the American Revolution?

2. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

3. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

4. What was the reason for the American 'economic miracle' of the 19th century?

5. What did the American westward movement of the early 19th century do to traditional forms of social organization?

6. Why was it impossible for Christianity to be the one means of unifying America at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries?

7. What does this quote mean? "Idolatry to Monarchs, and servility to Aristocratic Pride was never so totally eradicated from so many in so short a time."

8. Towards the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century, what was the result of Americans believing that every man was his own moral agent who was his own master in all respects and could dispose himself as he wished?

9. Why have historians criticized John Hancock?

10. How did early Americans' views of the government change after the Revolution?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How was the paternal, face-to-face nature of early colonial American society demonstrated by Henry Laurens' acts during the Stamp Act riot in 1765? What specifically did he do and what was the reaction of the rioters? How did the outcome reveal the intact hierarchical structure?

Essay Topic 2

After the Revolution, many believed that Americans' morals were being polluted and their liberties already eroding. Blame was placed on the influence of the French Revolution. Explain why the French Revolution was blamed and specifically how they influenced and affected American society. Give your opinion of the accusations, and the reasons for your opinions.

Essay Topic 3

What considerations and decisions by others and George Washington, himself, led to Washington's nomination to be President?

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