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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which President said, "Parties would always exist"?

2. What did the revolutionaries mean when they said they supported equality?

3. In 1787, who said America lacked cohesion?

4. Who became the richest man in Gloucester, R.I., just a few years before the revolution?

5. Who wrote "Common Sense"?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was hoped to replace fear and favor in enlightened colonial American society? How would the replacement be manifested?

2. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

3. Why was it impossible for Christianity to be the one means of unifying America at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries?

4. According to John Toland, what is the difference between a man who is free and one who is dependent?

5. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

6. In colonial America, how did the meaning of the word civility change in the last half of the 18th century?

7. After the signing of the Declaration of Independence, why did the revolutionary leaders almost immediately begin to doubt that their hope of a utopian America would be realized?

8. Why were the American gentry alarmed at the desire of the common people to share in the conduct of the government?

9. How did the opinion of a traditional gentleman's assumption of leisure change towards the end of the 18th century?

10. How did the numerous bankruptcies and financial collapses of the 1790s contribute to the democratization of America?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Samuel Blodget taught that common economic interest was the best adhesive a society could have. Explain Blodget's four 'social ties' and how they related to 19th century American economy.

Essay Topic 2

At the beginning of the 19th century, what massive economic changes took place that affected the mind and character of Americans? Include technology, transportation, and commerce in your explanation.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast the vertical structure of society under the monarchy to the envisioned horizontal structure that would result from the revolution.

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