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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who said that "Benevolence is the Cement and Support of . . . the Great Community of mankind"?
(a) John Quincy Adams.
(b) Samuel Cooper.
(c) James Allen.
(d) Israel Williams.

2. Who wrote "Common Sense"?
(a) Robert Munsford.
(b) Thomas Paine.
(c) Samuel Cooper.
(d) Jeremy Belknap.

3. What did John Adams consider to be the main mark of a gentleman?
(a) Dedication to public service.
(b) A liberal arts education.
(c) Virture and charitable causes.
(d) Wealth and ease of life.

4. When did the first American Congress meet?
(a) 1786.
(b) 1787.
(c) 1788.
(d) 1789.

5. Whose Massachusetts family had done missionary work among the Indians?
(a) Jonathan Mayhew.
(b) Lord Chesterfield.
(c) Joseph Addison.
(d) William Livingston.

6. In the late 18th century, what replaced whipping and execution as penal codes?
(a) Restitution.
(b) Rehabilitation.
(c) Deportation.
(d) Imprisonment.

7. What did Leverett Saltonstall call "the great bond of civil society"?
(a) Individual conscience.
(b) Democracy.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Christianity.

8. What was the main source of instability and anxiety in revolutionary America?
(a) Conspicuous consumption.
(b) Ostentatious aristocracy.
(c) Pervasive equality.
(d) Religious dissent.

9. What did conservatives say caused the degeneration of standards that were tainting America?
(a) The Federalists.
(b) The Constitution.
(c) The French Revolution.
(d) Democracy.

10. In 1800, what percent of the American labor force was in farming?
(a) 85%.
(b) 70%.
(c) 80%.
(d) 75%.

11. Who said America was "just emerging from the rude unpolished condition of an infant country"?
(a) Jonathan Mayhew.
(b) William Livingston.
(c) Joseph Addison.
(d) George Washington.

12. What percent of colonial Americans were loyalists?
(a) 20%.
(b) 5%.
(c) 15%.
(d) 10%.

13. Who believed progress and social harmony would result from the enlightened conclusion of the new American society?
(a) Jeremy Belknap.
(b) Robert Munsford.
(c) James Allen.
(d) John Quincy Adams.

14. Before the revolution, what was labor associated with?
(a) Increased productivity.
(b) Oppression and fear.
(c) Tradition and necessity.
(d) Slavery and servitude.

15. Who said about Americans that their "universal roar is Commerce"?
(a) Philip Freneau.
(b) Oliver Evans.
(c) William Crafts.
(d) Samuel Mitchill.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who wrote the book "The Patriots"?

2. Where was the first county fair held?

3. When did Americans begin to call for the boycotting of British goods?

4. What defined modern politicians as "persons who have little, if any regard for the welfare of the republic unless immediately connected with . . . their own private pursuits"?

5. Who said that the secret of America's prosperity was the celebration of work?

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