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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What eventually became the sole criterion for the political worth of a person?
(a) Loyalty to the administration.
(b) Loyalty to the party.
(c) Loyalty to the people.
(d) Loyalty to the state.

2. What did conservatives say caused the degeneration of standards that were tainting America?
(a) The Federalists.
(b) Democracy.
(c) The French Revolution.
(d) The Constitution.

3. Who had an international reputation as a hero in the 1780s?
(a) George Washington.
(b) John Adams.
(c) Ben Franklin.
(d) Thomas Jefferson.

4. Who said America, "hath a blank sheet to write upon"?
(a) Thomas Jefferson.
(b) Thomas Paine.
(c) Lord Chesterfield.
(d) John Adams.

5. Who wrote "Common Sense"?
(a) Samuel Cooper.
(b) Thomas Paine.
(c) Robert Munsford.
(d) Jeremy Belknap.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who said that "Benevolence is the Cement and Support of . . . the Great Community of mankind"?

2. Whose Massachusetts family had done missionary work among the Indians?

3. Who called traditional ties of a monarchical society "bonds of blood, family, and personal influence"?

4. Before the revolution, what was labor associated with?

5. What did John Locke write about the common moral sense of every man?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the Constitution of 1787 suppose to mitigate?

2. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

3. Why was it impossible for Christianity to be the one means of unifying America at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries?

4. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

5. What was hoped to replace fear and favor in enlightened colonial American society? How would the replacement be manifested?

6. What influence did George Washington exert at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787?

7. What did the American westward movement of the early 19th century do to traditional forms of social organization?

8. What does this quote mean? "Idolatry to Monarchs, and servility to Aristocratic Pride was never so totally eradicated from so many in so short a time."

9. How did the opinion of a traditional gentleman's assumption of leisure change towards the end of the 18th century?

10. Why were the American gentry alarmed at the desire of the common people to share in the conduct of the government?

(see the answer keys)

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