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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was democracy considered in the 18th century?
(a) A utopian term or society's hope.
(b) A present condition of American life.
(c) An impossible accomplishment to be dismissed.
(d) A technical term of political theory.

2. Who wrote "Common Sense"?
(a) Jeremy Belknap.
(b) Samuel Cooper.
(c) Thomas Paine.
(d) Robert Munsford.

3. Who said, "All Christendom has been decomposed, broken in pieces" in this "fiery furnace of democracy"?
(a) Thomas Campbell.
(b) Samuel Blodgett.
(c) Harrison Gray Otis.
(d) Elias Smith.

4. When did Americans begin to call for the boycotting of British goods?
(a) When Mechanics Hall became a meeting place.
(b) When the Stamp Act was issued.
(c) When the Patriotic Society was formed.
(d) When artisans in Philadelphia won four city offices.

5. What sail maker spoke for all industrious working men in 1797?
(a) George Warner.
(b) William Drayton.
(c) Matthew Lyon.
(d) Abraham Bishop.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who said America, "hath a blank sheet to write upon"?

2. Who said he didn't know how to keep America from "sliding down into the mire of democracy"?

3. Who believed that each individual was responsible for his or her eternal salvation or damnation?

4. Who wrote the book "The Idle Man"?

5. Who believed progress and social harmony would result from the enlightened conclusion of the new American society?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

2. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

3. What does this quote mean? "Idolatry to Monarchs, and servility to Aristocratic Pride was never so totally eradicated from so many in so short a time."

4. How did early Americans' views of the government change after the Revolution?

5. After the signing of the Declaration of Independence, why did the revolutionary leaders almost immediately begin to doubt that their hope of a utopian America would be realized?

6. What was hoped to replace fear and favor in enlightened colonial American society? How would the replacement be manifested?

7. How did the numerous bankruptcies and financial collapses of the 1790s contribute to the democratization of America?

8. Why were the American gentry alarmed at the desire of the common people to share in the conduct of the government?

9. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

10. What was the reason for the American 'economic miracle' of the 19th century?

(see the answer keys)

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