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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Americans begin to call for the boycotting of British goods?
(a) When the Stamp Act was issued.
(b) When the Patriotic Society was formed.
(c) When Mechanics Hall became a meeting place.
(d) When artisans in Philadelphia won four city offices.

2. Who headed the revolutionary committee in Savannah, Georgia when the Revolution began?
(a) An atheist.
(b) A Jew.
(c) A Quaker.
(d) An Anglican.

3. What year was the Continental Congress?
(a) 1774.
(b) 1773.
(c) 1772.
(d) 1775.

4. Who called traditional ties of a monarchical society "bonds of blood, family, and personal influence"?
(a) James Allen.
(b) Jeremy Belknap.
(c) Owen Biddle.
(d) Israel Williams.

5. Who said, "We see with other eyes; we hear with other ears"?
(a) Thomas Paine.
(b) Lord Chesterfield.
(c) Thomas Jefferson.
(d) John Adams.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did John Adams consider to be the main mark of a gentleman?

2. Who said, "the attracting force of universal love" existed in all people?

3. Who strove to undermine the gentry's distinctiveness and privileges by emphasizing their similarity to common people?

4. Who was the speaker of the House of Burgess in 1766?

5. How many Boston merchants were named in the Massachusetts Banishment Act of 1778?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

2. What was hoped to replace fear and favor in enlightened colonial American society? How would the replacement be manifested?

3. Why were the American gentry alarmed at the desire of the common people to share in the conduct of the government?

4. What was the reason for the American 'economic miracle' of the 19th century?

5. What influence did George Washington exert at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787?

6. In colonial America, how did the meaning of the word civility change in the last half of the 18th century?

7. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

8. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

9. After the signing of the Declaration of Independence, why did the revolutionary leaders almost immediately begin to doubt that their hope of a utopian America would be realized?

10. How did the opinion of a traditional gentleman's assumption of leisure change towards the end of the 18th century?

(see the answer keys)

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