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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who became the richest man in Gloucester, R.I., just a few years before the revolution?
(a) David Ramsey.
(b) Josiah Quincy.
(c) Moses Cooper.
(d) Thomas Hutchinson.

2. In 1774 Philadelphia, what was the Philadelphia Committee of Nineteen?
(a) A loyalist organization.
(b) A religious organization.
(c) A resistance organization.
(d) A trade organization.

3. What did John Adams consider to be the main mark of a gentleman?
(a) Wealth and ease of life.
(b) Dedication to public service.
(c) A liberal arts education.
(d) Virture and charitable causes.

4. Who said, "All Christendom has been decomposed, broken in pieces" in this "fiery furnace of democracy"?
(a) Harrison Gray Otis.
(b) Samuel Blodgett.
(c) Elias Smith.
(d) Thomas Campbell.

5. What was democracy considered in the 18th century?
(a) A present condition of American life.
(b) A technical term of political theory.
(c) An impossible accomplishment to be dismissed.
(d) A utopian term or society's hope.

Short Answer Questions

1. Whose play "Cato" taught George Washington what it meant to be liberal and virtuous?

2. Who wrote the book "The Patriots"?

3. What most alarmed the American colonial gentry of the 1760s and 1770s?

4. In the 1790s, who proclaimed that every man and woman in every society ought to work?

5. In the late 18th century, what replaced whipping and execution as penal codes?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the opinion of a traditional gentleman's assumption of leisure change towards the end of the 18th century?

2. On what precept was freemasonry organized?

3. What did the American westward movement of the early 19th century do to traditional forms of social organization?

4. Why have historians criticized John Hancock?

5. What does this quote mean? "Idolatry to Monarchs, and servility to Aristocratic Pride was never so totally eradicated from so many in so short a time."

6. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

7. What was the Constitution of 1787 suppose to mitigate?

8. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

9. How did early Americans' views of the government change after the Revolution?

10. By the end of the 18th century, what was the source of the American aristocracy's downfall?

(see the answer keys)

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