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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What sail maker spoke for all industrious working men in 1797?
(a) Abraham Bishop.
(b) George Warner.
(c) Matthew Lyon.
(d) William Drayton.

2. In the 1790s, who labeled gentry as men of idleness, extravagance, and dissipation?
(a) George Warner.
(b) Matthew Lyon.
(c) William Drayton.
(d) Abraham Bishop

3. Before the revolution, what was labor associated with?
(a) Tradition and necessity.
(b) Oppression and fear.
(c) Slavery and servitude.
(d) Increased productivity.

4. When did Americans begin to call for the boycotting of British goods?
(a) When the Stamp Act was issued.
(b) When artisans in Philadelphia won four city offices.
(c) When the Patriotic Society was formed.
(d) When Mechanics Hall became a meeting place.

5. Who resigned from Congress in 1778 because he did not feel he could be a good Congressman because of necessity he was also compelled to practice law?
(a) John Jebb.
(b) Thomas Stone.
(c) David Hume.
(d) James Iredell.

Short Answer Questions

1. Whose play "Cato" taught George Washington what it meant to be liberal and virtuous?

2. What was the most radical ideology initiated by the Revolution?

3. Who said, "All Christendom has been decomposed, broken in pieces" in this "fiery furnace of democracy"?

4. By 1800, what percent of the Philadelphia labor force were indentured servants?

5. What did Leverett Saltonstall call "the great bond of civil society"?

Short Essay Questions

1. By the end of the 18th century, what was the source of the American aristocracy's downfall?

2. How did the numerous bankruptcies and financial collapses of the 1790s contribute to the democratization of America?

3. On what precept was freemasonry organized?

4. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

5. Why was it impossible for Christianity to be the one means of unifying America at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries?

6. How did the opinion of a traditional gentleman's assumption of leisure change towards the end of the 18th century?

7. What social conditions which normally precipitate a revolution were absent during the American Revolution?

8. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

9. Towards the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century, what was the result of Americans believing that every man was his own moral agent who was his own master in all respects and could dispose himself as he wished?

10. In colonial America, how did the meaning of the word civility change in the last half of the 18th century?

(see the answer keys)

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