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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the 1790s, who labeled gentry as men of idleness, extravagance, and dissipation?
(a) Matthew Lyon.
(b) Abraham Bishop
(c) George Warner.
(d) William Drayton.

2. When did the first American Congress meet?
(a) 1788.
(b) 1789.
(c) 1787.
(d) 1786.

3. When was the Virgina constitution written?
(a) 1774.
(b) 1778.
(c) 1776.
(d) 1775.

4. Who said about Americans that their "universal roar is Commerce"?
(a) William Crafts.
(b) Oliver Evans.
(c) Samuel Mitchill.
(d) Philip Freneau.

5. What percent of colonial Americans were loyalists?
(a) 20%.
(b) 15%.
(c) 10%.
(d) 5%.

Short Answer Questions

1. What form of address came into general use in the late 18th century?

2. In 1774 Philadelphia, what was the Philadelphia Committee of Nineteen?

3. Who called traditional ties of a monarchical society "bonds of blood, family, and personal influence"?

4. Who wrote "The Religion of Nature Delineated"?

5. In the late 1760s, who dismissed people's right to participate in government if they didn't have a liberal arts education?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the reason for the American 'economic miracle' of the 19th century?

2. After the signing of the Declaration of Independence, why did the revolutionary leaders almost immediately begin to doubt that their hope of a utopian America would be realized?

3. In colonial America, how did the meaning of the word civility change in the last half of the 18th century?

4. How did the opinion of a traditional gentleman's assumption of leisure change towards the end of the 18th century?

5. On what precept was freemasonry organized?

6. What was hoped to replace fear and favor in enlightened colonial American society? How would the replacement be manifested?

7. Why have historians criticized John Hancock?

8. What did the American westward movement of the early 19th century do to traditional forms of social organization?

9. Why was it impossible for Christianity to be the one means of unifying America at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries?

10. According to John Toland, what is the difference between a man who is free and one who is dependent?

(see the answer keys)

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