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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did John Locke write about the common moral sense of every man?
(a) That men are disposed to do bad.
(b) That men are disposed to do good.
(c) That men must be taught what is good and bad.
(d) That men are amoral.

2. Who headed the revolutionary committee in Savannah, Georgia when the Revolution began?
(a) An atheist.
(b) A Quaker.
(c) An Anglican.
(d) A Jew.

3. Which President said, "Parties would always exist"?
(a) James Madison.
(b) John Quincy Adams.
(c) Martin Van Buren.
(d) James Monroe.

4. Who said, "All Christendom has been decomposed, broken in pieces" in this "fiery furnace of democracy"?
(a) Thomas Campbell.
(b) Samuel Blodgett.
(c) Elias Smith.
(d) Harrison Gray Otis.

5. Who said that the mind could be cultivated like a garden?
(a) Thomas Paine.
(b) Thomas Jefferson.
(c) John Adams.
(d) Lord Chesterfield.

Short Answer Questions

1. What form of address came into general use in the late 18th century?

2. What was democracy considered in the 18th century?

3. What did conservatives say caused the degeneration of standards that were tainting America?

4. In the 1790s, who labeled gentry as men of idleness, extravagance, and dissipation?

5. What eventually became the sole criterion for the political worth of a person?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why have historians criticized John Hancock?

2. By the end of the 18th century, what was the source of the American aristocracy's downfall?

3. Towards the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century, what was the result of Americans believing that every man was his own moral agent who was his own master in all respects and could dispose himself as he wished?

4. On what precept was freemasonry organized?

5. What social conditions which normally precipitate a revolution were absent during the American Revolution?

6. What was the Constitution of 1787 suppose to mitigate?

7. Why did American office holders from 1776 on urge their republican governments to not only pay salaries but to keep raising them?

8. How was liberalism measured during the Enlightenment?

9. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

10. What influence did George Washington exert at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787?

(see the answer keys)

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