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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What type of collaboration does Douglas believe must be maintained to assure social life is preserved?

2. What do the Lele regard as the cause of early death and source of all evil?

3. What type of consequences does Douglas state cannot be reversed?

4. What does Douglas think a system needs to be successful?

5. What example is given to describe why a sorcerer would move animals to the human sphere?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe Lele culture and beliefs.

2. How do escapism and realism relate to the dirt and primitive cultures that Douglas describes?

3. Describe Walbiri culture and beliefs.

4. Compare and contrast the Nuers and Bedouins on political structure.

5. Why does Douglas say that social consequences cannot be reversed?

6. Describe the structure of witchcraft that Douglas explains.

7. Describe the enforcements of harmony that Douglas introduces.

8. Describe Mae Enga culture and beliefs.

9. Why does Douglas state that pollutions are dangerous?

10. How do Vann Gennep's conclusions relate to the Maoris people?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze hygiene and how it compares to rituals as described in the reading. What is the significance of ritual in hygiene? Can you be hygienic without ritual? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

What is the difference between holiness and blessing as Douglas defines them? How are both related to these concepts: morality, purity, pollution, classification, organization, separation?

Essay Topic 3

What is the contradiction in rejecting and accepting death? Is this something that takes place in modern culture? Give one example of such an event.

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