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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What type of barrier crossing is treated as pollution as described by Douglas?
(a) Childish.
(b) Economic.
(c) Social.
(d) Moral.

2. As excrements pass the boundary of the body, what do they present to the cultures Douglas describes?
(a) Danger.
(b) Pollution.
(c) Sacrifice.
(d) Purity.

3. What example is given to describe why a sorcerer would move animals to the human sphere?
(a) To sacrifice the animal's blood.
(b) To exploit them for evil powers.
(c) To anger God.
(d) To consume them in hard times.

4. In what society described are elders with powers able to control juniors but not for personal gain?
(a) Witchcraft covens.
(b) Maoris.
(c) Lugbara.
(d) Central Africa.

5. What does Douglas describe purification allows for avoiding?
(a) Economic downfall.
(b) Social consequences.
(c) God's wrath.
(d) Retribution.

6. What do moral offenses truly depend on, according to Douglas?
(a) The anger felt by elders.
(b) The feelings of the injured party.
(c) The number of children the offender has.
(d) The economic status of the community.

7. What does Douglas believe maintaining purity stems from in primitive cultures?
(a) Sexuality.
(b) Realism.
(c) Sin.
(d) Escapism.

8. What pollution does the Bushong king practice as a part of sacrifice?
(a) Incest.
(b) Eating meat.
(c) Not bathing for two weeks.
(d) Adultery.

9. What type of consequences does Douglas state cannot be reversed?
(a) Relationship.
(b) Social.
(c) Economic.
(d) Religious.

10. Why does Douglas think witches represent threat?
(a) They cannot control themselves.
(b) They are pitiful.
(c) They are murderers.
(d) They engage in incest.

11. In Chapter 6, what is considered to be both part of authority and other social structures?
(a) Sorcery.
(b) Pollution.
(c) Purity.
(d) Christianity.

12. Douglas claims that primitive cultures have been regarded as manipulating which group of people?
(a) Men.
(b) Children.
(c) Elders.
(d) Women.

13. How can adulterers become free from guilt, as described in Nuer society?
(a) By performing a sacrifice.
(b) By praying.
(c) By cleansing themselves of pollution.
(d) By getting a divorce.

14. Rejecting or affirming dirt has little to do with which of the following described by Douglas?
(a) Escapism.
(b) Crossing boundaries.
(c) Relativisism.
(d) Psychology.

15. What did Vann Gennep associate danger with?
(a) Faith.
(b) Transition.
(c) Dancing.
(d) Menstrual blood.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following do the Mae Enga men fear?

2. Which word does Douglas use to describe the highest castes in South India?

3. In Bemba culture, what can cause death?

4. Where are the Walbiri from?

5. For the Maoris, what does menstrual blood represent?

(see the answer keys)

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