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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following transmits disease and has a toxic influence, according to Douglas?

2. In which type of world view does Douglas believe the world is seen as subjective and personal?

3. According to Frazer, what did the primitive people fail to incorporate in religion?

4. According to Malinowski, where do rituals derive from?

5. Which of the following is an example of Douglas' social control?

Short Essay Questions

1. What conclusions did Malinowski come to when he studied primitive cultures?

2. How does Douglas describe the ways in which purity can be achieved?

3. How has anthropology shown the distinction between primitive and modern cultures?

4. Describe the role of compatibility for the Israelites.

5. What were Frazer's beliefs?

6. What are the differences between primitive cultures and modern cultures in regard to the rules Douglas states?

7. What was Smith's perception of magic?

8. Describe medical materialism as it is described in Purity and Danger.

9. Describe the rationale for the classification of animals.

10. How does Douglas believe that one can one maintain holiness?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is the significance of adultery in primitive cultures as Douglas points out? How do the Nuer people deal with adultery? What about the Bemba? How does this relate to modern culture?

Essay Topic 2

Describe Douglas' social structures. What is the significance of a formal power structure? What happens with a system lacks a power structure? Are there any benefits to these systems? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

Analyze hygiene and how it compares to rituals as described in the reading. What is the significance of ritual in hygiene? Can you be hygienic without ritual? Why or why not?

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