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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Arbus' pictures were presented as _____________, even though the content at the time was not considered so.
(a) Perfect.
(b) Rich.
(c) Honest.
(d) Normal.

2. Photography, like other surrealist arts, is itself ___________ and yet it is transitory, according to Sontag.
(a) Death.
(b) Stationary.
(c) Confusing.
(d) Frozen in time.

3. Whitman's idea was to look beyond the idea of __________ and of ugliness to see more in the world.
(a) Joy.
(b) Peace.
(c) Beauty.
(d) Understanding.

4. Diane Arbus is discussed as having been one to photograph the ____________ of society.
(a) Dark corners.
(b) Rich.
(c) Ignored.
(d) Freaks.

5. Photographs appropriate place and identity by the act of _________ reproduction, according to Sontag.
(a) Proper.
(b) Mimetic.
(c) Sharp.
(d) Truthful.

Short Answer Questions

1. American photographers feel the country is simply too _______ to be understood - instead it must simply be catalogued.

2. The prisoners in the cave see only shadows, and thus believe those shadows are the totality of ____________.

3. The FSA project took pictures of __________ groups living in rural areas and experiencing rural problems.

4. Who helped to lead the largest collective photographic project ever in the United States?

5. Photographs become ______________; they record the injuries time does to objects.

Short Essay Questions

1. What do photographs do to the scale of an object within the photograph and in real life, according to Sontag?

2. What are the ways in which an American photographer and a European photographer differ?

3. What are the two groups into which photographers can be categorized, according to the text in this chapter?

4. What was Whitman's cultural and social influence, coined Whitmanesque, according to the text?

5. How might the surrealist art movement be described, according to Sontag in this chapter?

6. Why is photography a democratizing experience, according to Sontag in this particular chapter of the book?

7. How does photography encourage voyeurism in those who look at photographs?

8. How are photographs usually held as definitive evidence in the world, according to Sontag?

9. Why is surrealism not necessarily a universal art form, according to this particular chapter?

10. What did Steichen thus do with his photographs in terms of creating importance with the subject of the picture?

(see the answer keys)

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