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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Whitman's idea was to look beyond the idea of __________ and of ugliness to see more in the world.
(a) Understanding.
(b) Beauty.
(c) Peace.
(d) Joy.

2. Whitman wanted people to begin to look at the essential ____________ of a person in order to define a person or object.
(a) Flaws.
(b) Limitations.
(c) Beauty.
(d) Value.

3. What movement is capricious and inadvertent, according to Sontag?
(a) Surrealist.
(b) Impressionist.
(c) Nihilist.
(d) Realist.

4. What might separate the whole of humanity, according to Whitman in this chapter of this book?
(a) Superficial distinctions.
(b) Criticisms.
(c) Beauty.
(d) Photography.

5. Diane Arbus is discussed as having been one to photograph the ____________ of society.
(a) Ignored.
(b) Dark corners.
(c) Rich.
(d) Freaks.

Short Answer Questions

1. Whitman's view was challenged and entirely defeated mostly by accident by ________________.

2. People with _________ are more likely to have cameras than people who do not have them.

3. According to Sontag, photographs are held to be definitive ___________, though Sontag does not support this idea with facts.

4. Photographs do not create ___________ but they reinforce existing morality, according to Sontag.

5. To Whitman, the ___________ was important and it was critical to accept this truth.

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the ways in which an American photographer and a European photographer differ?

2. How does photography encourage voyeurism in those who look at photographs?

3. How does photography make the photographer incapable of intervening in a situation?

4. Why does Sontag believe that tourists always use cameras during their trips to new and exciting places?

5. How was "Family of Man" an opposite representation of what Whitman was trying to saw about humanity?

6. How does surrealism look at wealth, which is the same way that photography seems to look at wealth?

7. Why is it unusual to include writing about Walt Whitman in a book about photography?

8. Who were some of the groups of people who Diane Arbus took pictures of when she was creating portraits?

9. On what other artistic areas does photography impose standards according to Sontag in this chapter?

10. What does Surrealism strive to do in society, much like the goals of photography in the world?

(see the answer keys)

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