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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was Xenophanes?

2. From what does this type of value come?

3. Vico suggested that the history of man passes through how many different stages?

4. What can make a difference in the workers' situation?

5. Communism was defined as what?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the Communist Manifesto?

2. For what ideas was Hegel attacked? Why was he attacked?

3. What is surplus value? How does this affect the worker?

4. Why does Marx not believe that simply raising the workers' salaries would change the situation?

5. How does Rius begin to examine the roots of Marxism?

6. Who was Ludwig Feuerbach?

7. What are dialectics and the dialectical method?

8. Describe an example given by Marx about a capitalist employer.

9. What are the ideas of Giambattista Vico?

10. What does Marx say about the capitalist?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Those who tried to find logical reasons for natural events became known as "thinkers."

Part 1) Name four of these 'thinkers." How is each significant?

Part 2) How did these "thinkers" respond to the religious elite and vice versa? Why did the react in this way?

Part 3) Is this information about the "thinkers" accurate? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

Through Lenin, Marx's ideas reach a world audience.

Part 1) Who was Lenin? How did he use Marx's work? Why did he use Marx's work?

Part 2) Why was Marx relatively unknown during his lifetime? How then did his ideas become popular and well-known through Lenin?

Part 3) How did Lenin both help and hurt Marx's philosophies?

Essay Topic 3

Marx marries Jenny Von Westphalen.

Part 1) Who is Jenny? Why does this cause some difficulties?

Part 2) Why might Jenny have married Marx? How does her marriage to Marx affect her life? Do you believe she, in the end, was happy with this marriage? Why or why not?

Part 3) Why does Marx marry Jenny? Should he have married her? Why or why not?

(see the answer keys)

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