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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Communist Manifesto was a call for all workers to do what?
(a) Consider Communism.
(b) Listen to Marx.
(c) Unite against capitalism.
(d) Form unions.

2. A group of the intellectuals thought the means of production needed to be destroyed and that individuals should do what?
(a) Go back to being in small family groups.
(b) Go back to being slaves.
(c) Go back to being artisans and farmers.
(d) Go back to being hunters and gatherers.

3. What did Pythagoras argue?
(a) The earth is round.
(b) Formulas can be used in mathematics to discover new answers.
(c) The earth is the center of the universe.
(d) The earth was not at the center of the universe.

4. How did this group of people at this point in human history begin the creation of social classes?
(a) They organized themselves according to interests and family groups.
(b) Those who had made discoveries were put in charge of the other people.
(c) These "special" people gradually became the ruling or upper class.
(d) The smarter of the people began leading and instructing the others.

5. Communism was defined as what?
(a) The emanipation of the simple-minded.
(b) The freedom of all.
(c) The equality of all the intelligent.
(d) The emancipation of the proletariet.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why would Hegel believe that a worker should not worry about the material?

2. What is the second stage, according to Vico?

3. In Europe, who was one individual who did advocate for rebellion against the church and its dictatorship?

4. Who was Xenophanes?

5. What does alienation do to men?

Short Essay Questions

1. How might a socialist system be practical?

2. Who are three of Greece's most well-known and important philosophers? Give detailed information about the theories of one of these philosophers.

3. How do the foundations of Marx's economic thought begin to come together?

4. What are the ideas of Giambattista Vico?

5. Who are the two types of men philosophy sees? Describe these two types.

6. What is the importance of competition? What example does Marx give to support this? How does this factor into capitalism?

7. What are the ideas of empiricism? Who supported these ideas?

8. What is surplus value? How does this affect the worker?

9. What are Kant's ideas?

10. What is meant by materialism becoming mechanistic?

(see the answer keys)

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