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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who was Xenophanes?
(a) One of the first philosophers of recorded history.
(b) One of the first muscians of recorded history.
(c) An early teacher.
(d) An inventor.

2. How did Spinoza think of God?
(a) As a spiritual principle.
(b) As the Almighty.
(c) As a leader of men.
(d) As a myth.

3. Rius examines the roots of Marxism. At what does he begin by looking?
(a) The Book of Genesis.
(b) Neanderthals.
(c) The Middle Ages.
(d) Early man.

4. The capitalist figures in the price of production, hidden costs, and his own profit when deciding the value of a product. What keeps the capitalist's profits growing?
(a) The worker's labor power.
(b) The efficiency at which he works.
(c) The desire for the product.
(d) The increase in interest in the product.

5. Why does Marx not believe that simply raising the workers' salaries would change the situation for the worker?
(a) The workers do not want more money. They want to work less.
(b) The capitalist will not accept making less profit and will raise prices or find other ways of making sure that the rise in salary does not affect his bottom line.
(c) The capitalists will also want a raise.
(d) The capitalists will not raise workers' salaries.

6. What is the only solution to Engels and Marx for fixing humanity's problems?
(a) Change the system.
(b) Encourage religion and the Golden Rule.
(c) Change people's mindsets.
(d) Encourage capitalists to take care of their workers.

7. What was Ludwig Feuerbach?
(a) A socialist.
(b) A materialist.
(c) A materialist, but metaphysical.
(d) An idealist.

8. If power was in the hands of the rich, it is called what?
(a) Plutocracy.
(b) Oligarchy.
(c) Intelligarchy.
(d) Democracy.

9. Of what is Thales the father?
(a) Economics.
(b) Mathematics.
(c) Philosophy.
(d) Science.

10. Aristotle argued that social conflict occurred because of what reason?
(a) Fate.
(b) Economic and social inequality.
(c) Varying levels of intelligence.
(d) Differing beliefs among people.

11. What assumes the existence of the divine?
(a) Pagans.
(b) Liberal.
(c) Idealism.
(d) Dreamers.

12. Descartes used a _______________ logic to examine the world.
(a) Subject.
(b) Critical.
(c) Analytic.
(d) Materialistic.

13. What is Vico's first stage?
(a) Farmer.
(b) Hunter gatherer.
(c) Feudalism.
(d) Barbarism.

14. Marx argued in ________________________ that the more a worker produced, the less he could consume, and the more value a man creates, the less he has.
(a) The Manuscript of 1854.
(b) The Manuscript of 1834.
(c) The Manuscript of 1844.
(d) The Manuscript of 1864.

15. After the Greek epoch, the so-called Age of Faith occurred during what period?
(a) The Ottoman Empire.
(b) The Middle Ages.
(c) The Roman Empire.
(d) The Italian Renaissance.

Short Answer Questions

1. Marx wanted to create explanations without including who?

2. One Marxist theorist argued that by working for a capitalist and producing a commodity, the worker is increasing what?

3. Marx and Engels used dialectics. What are dialectics?

4. Why does Rius begin by looking at this point in human history?

5. What increases alienation?

(see the answer keys)

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