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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Why is a worker's labor power a commodity in a capitalist state?
(a) The capitalist sells the labor power.
(b) The capitalist gives the laborer the power.
(c) The capitalist buys the labor power.
(d) The capitalist is the power.

2. Why does Rius begin by looking at this point in human history?
(a) The Book of Genesis explains the beginning of mankind.
(b) Early man made many discoveries.
(c) Some men convinced people they had communication with the divine.
(d) Neanderthals are closely related to homo sapiens.

3. The capitalist figures in the price of production, hidden costs, and his own profit when deciding the value of a product. What keeps the capitalist's profits growing?
(a) The efficiency at which he works.
(b) The worker's labor power.
(c) The increase in interest in the product.
(d) The desire for the product.

4. The Communist Manifesto was a call for all workers to do what?
(a) Unite against capitalism.
(b) Form unions.
(c) Consider Communism.
(d) Listen to Marx.

5. How did this group of people at this point in human history begin the creation of social classes?
(a) They organized themselves according to interests and family groups.
(b) Those who had made discoveries were put in charge of the other people.
(c) The smarter of the people began leading and instructing the others.
(d) These "special" people gradually became the ruling or upper class.

6. The dialectical method views everything as ____________________.
(a) Unique.
(b) Replaceable.
(c) Changing.
(d) Unchanging.

7. Why does Marx not believe that simply raising the workers' salaries would change the situation for the worker?
(a) The workers do not want more money. They want to work less.
(b) The capitalists will not raise workers' salaries.
(c) The capitalist will not accept making less profit and will raise prices or find other ways of making sure that the rise in salary does not affect his bottom line.
(d) The capitalists will also want a raise.

8. As the worker is not paid enough to meet his basic needs, he is forced to do what?
(a) Go on strike.
(b) Quit.
(c) Continue working at the low wage.
(d) Change jobs.

9. Marx argued in ________________________ that the more a worker produced, the less he could consume, and the more value a man creates, the less he has.
(a) The Manuscript of 1834.
(b) The Manuscript of 1844.
(c) The Manuscript of 1864.
(d) The Manuscript of 1854.

10. Rius argues that the various movements and revolutions that have happened since Marx's time point to what?
(a) An increasingly shaky socialism.
(b) No change in either capitalism or socialism.
(c) An increasingly shaky capitalism.
(d) An increasingly strong capitalism.

11. What did Pythagoras argue?
(a) Formulas can be used in mathematics to discover new answers.
(b) The earth is the center of the universe.
(c) The earth is round.
(d) The earth was not at the center of the universe.

12. When does alienation occur?
(a) An exploited laborer earns a wage, but the object he makes belongs to someone else, and the worker becomes a machine.
(b) The making of a company into a machine.
(c) When one becomes isolated.
(d) When one is left alone in a strange land.

13. Descartes used a _______________ logic to examine the world.
(a) Critical.
(b) Subject.
(c) Analytic.
(d) Materialistic.

14. What states that there is nothing beyond the natural?
(a) Realists.
(b) Conservative.
(c) Materialism.
(d) Christians.

15. Hegel was attacked for these thoughts. Why?
(a) Largely because his beliefs went against more powerful individuals.
(b) Largely because he was wrong.
(c) Largely because he used the dialectical method.
(d) Largely because he was considered insane.

Short Answer Questions

1. What can make a difference in the workers' situation?

2. In Europe, who was one individual who did advocate for rebellion against the church and its dictatorship?

3. Marx and Engels used dialectics. What are dialectics?

4. How did Spinoza think of God?

5. Rius examines the roots of Marxism. At what does he begin by looking?

(see the answer keys)

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