2. Aristotle argued that social conflict occurred because of what reason?
(a) Varying levels of intelligence.
(b) Fate.
(c) Economic and social inequality.
(d) Differing beliefs among people.

3. Giambattista Vico produced some _____________________ during this time, although he is not as well-known.
(a) Important ideas.
(b) Useless ideas.
(c) Forgotten ideas.
(d) Interesting ideas.

4. What seeks scientific proof for what it examines, including religion?
(a) Christians.
(b) Conservative.
(c) Materialism.
(d) Realists.

5. What does not offer proof for those things that it proposes?
(a) Dreamers.
(b) Liberal.
(c) Idealism.
(d) Pagans.

6. The capitalist figures in the price of production, hidden costs, and his own profit when deciding the value of a product. What keeps the capitalist's profits growing?
(a) The desire for the product.
(b) The efficiency at which he works.
(c) The increase in interest in the product.
(d) The worker's labor power.

7. Marx argued in ________________________ that the more a worker produced, the less he could consume, and the more value a man creates, the less he has.
(a) The Manuscript of 1844.
(b) The Manuscript of 1834.
(c) The Manuscript of 1864.
(d) The Manuscript of 1854.

8. Rius argues that the various movements and revolutions that have happened since Marx's time point to what?
(a) An increasingly shaky socialism.
(b) An increasingly shaky capitalism.
(c) No change in either capitalism or socialism.
(d) An increasingly strong capitalism.

9. Who was Xenophanes?
(a) One of the first philosophers of recorded history.
(b) One of the first muscians of recorded history.
(c) An inventor.
(d) An early teacher.

10. In Europe, who was one individual who did advocate for rebellion against the church and its dictatorship?
(a) Newton.
(b) Van Gogh.
(c) Da Vinci.
(d) Machiavelli.

11. Many, such as Socrates, were ___________________ for their views.
(a) Ignored.
(b) Ridiculed.
(c) Persecuted.
(d) Praised.

12. What was Ludwig Feuerbach?
(a) A materialist, but metaphysical.
(b) An idealist.
(c) A materialist.
(d) A socialist.

13. Why is a worker's labor power a commodity in a capitalist state?
(a) The capitalist buys the labor power.
(b) The capitalist gives the laborer the power.
(c) The capitalist is the power.
(d) The capitalist sells the labor power.

14. One of the aspects of most religions was a faith in some sort of afterlife. How did the Egyptians believe they had the hope of a better afterlife?
(a) If they treated others well.
(b) If they built a tomb for themselves.
(c) If they were wealthy.
(d) If they put up with slavery during their lives.

15. To what do Vico's stages correspond?
(a) The three stages of human life.
(b) The four stages of human life.
(c) The five stages of human life.
(d) The six stages of human life.